Signal processing device, signal processing method, recording medium, and mobile body

ABSTRACT

A signal processing device includes: a transmission path estimator that estimates a first transmission path characteristic of a transmission signal using a vertical signal out of vertical and horizontal signals resulting from being received by a vertical polarization antenna and a horizontal polarization antenna; a transmission path estimator that estimates a second transmission path characteristic of the transmission signal using the horizontal signal; a weight calculator that calculates a first weight for the vertical signal and a second weight for the horizontal signal, using the first transmission path characteristic and the second transmission path characteristic; and a weighting applier that applies weighted summation to the vertical signal and the horizontal signal using the first weight and the second weight.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a U.S. continuation application of PCT InternationalPatent Application Number PCT/JP2019/002856 filed on Jan. 29, 2019,claiming the benefit of priority of U.S. Provisional Patent ApplicationNo. 62/624,418 filed on Jan. 31, 2018, 62/694,160 filed on Jul. 5, 2018,and 62/743,886 filed on Oct. 10, 2018, the entire contents of which arehereby incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND 1. Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to a signal processing device, a signalprocessing method, and a recording medium.

2. Description of the Related Art

Internet access service and live TV broadcasting service have beenactively offered to passengers on an airplane during flight, which areprovided by satellite (“Koku bunya ni okeru eisei teushin no needs tojiki taushin eisei heno kitai” [Need of satellite communication inaviation field and expectation for next communication satellite], Jikigijyutsu shiken eisei no shorai tenbo ni kansuru workshop 2016 [Workshop2016 on the future view of the next engineering test satellite], (March,2016) (http://www.mri.co.jp/news/seminar/uploadfiles/ssu20160330.pdf).In recent years, High Throughput Satellites (HTS) have been sequentiallyintroduced, and multi-spot beam technology and frequency reusetechnology, for instance, improve the throughput as compared with aconventional technology when the frequency bandwidth is the same (“Eiseitaushin service no sekai doko” [World trend of satellite communicationservice], Jiki gijyutsu shiken eisei no shorai tenbo ni kansuru workshop2016 [Workshop 2016 on the future view of the next engineering testsatellite], (March, 2016)(http://www.mri.co.jp/news/seminar/uploadfiles/sou20160330.pdf)). Anexample of multi-spot beam technology is a repetition of four spot beams(4 colors) (Chapter 4.4.2 of DVB blue book A171-2 (March, 2015): DigitalVideo Broadcasting (DVB); Implementation guidelines for the secondgeneration system for Broadcasting, Interactive Services, News Gatheringand other broadband satellite applications; Part2-S2 Extensions(DVB-S2X)(https://www.dvb.org/resources/public/standard/A171-2%20S2X%20imp.pdf)).In the repetition of four spot beams, two orthogonal polarizations (forexample, vertical (V) polarization and horizontal (H) polarization) areapplied to each of two bands.

SUMMARY

According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a signal processingdevice includes a first transmission path estimator, a secondtransmission path estimator, a weight calculator, a weighting applier,and a synchronization processor. The first transmission path estimatorestimates a first transmission path characteristic of a transmissionsignal using, out of a vertical signal and a horizontal signal, thevertical signal, the transmission signal being transmitted from atransmission device in form of one of vertical polarization andhorizontal polarization, the vertical signal and the horizontal signalresulting from a vertical polarization antenna and a horizontalpolarization antenna receiving the transmission signal. The secondtransmission path estimator estimates a second transmission pathcharacteristic of the transmission signal using the horizontal signal.The weight calculator calculates a first weight for the vertical signaland a second weight for the horizontal signal, using the firsttransmission path characteristic and the second transmission pathcharacteristic. The weighting applier applies weighted summation to thevertical signal and the horizontal signal using the first weight and thesecond weight. The synchronization processor performs synchronizationprocessing on each of the vertical signal and the horizontal signal. Thefirst transmission path characteristic is a characteristic of atransmission path through which the transmission signal is transmittedfrom the transmission device to the vertical polarization antenna. Thesecond transmission path characteristic is a characteristic of atransmission path through which the transmission signal is transmittedfrom the transmission device to the horizontal polarization antenna. Thefirst transmission path characteristic indicates a proportion of asignal included in the vertical signal within the transmission signal.The second transmission path characteristic indicates a proportion of asignal included in the horizontal signal within the transmission signal.The first transmission path estimator and the second transmission pathestimator estimate the first transmission path characteristic and thesecond transmission path characteristic, using the vertical signal andthe horizontal signal on each of which the synchronization processinghas been performed. The weighting applier applies the weighted summationto the vertical signal and the horizontal signal on each of which thesynchronization processing has been performed. The synchronizationprocessor establishes frame synchronization by detecting that acorrelation value of a known bit pattern with at least one of thevertical signal or the horizontal signal exceeds a threshold. Thesynchronization processor includes a first synchronization processorthat performs the synchronization processing on the vertical signal anda second synchronization processor that performs the synchronizationprocessing on the horizontal signal. The first synchronization processorand the second synchronization processor cooperate with each other inbringing each of a difference in frequency and a difference in phasebetween the vertical signal and the horizontal signal close to 0.

The specification and the drawings clarify further advantages andadvantageous effects according to aspects of the present disclosure.Such advantages and/or advantageous effects are yielded by features ofsome embodiments and features described in the specification andillustrated in the drawings, yet not all are necessarily provided inorder to obtain one or more features equivalent to the featuresdescribed and illustrated.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

These and other objects, advantages and features of the disclosure willbecome apparent from the following description thereof taken inconjunction with the accompanying drawings that illustrate a specificembodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a configuration of a communicationsystem in Embodiment 1;

FIG. 2 illustrates a structure of a frame in accordance with the DVB-S2Xstandard transmitted from an antenna of a satellite in Embodiment 1;

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a configuration of a communicationdevice provided in an airplane in Embodiment 1;

FIG. 4 illustrate examples of frequency spectra of input IF signals inEmbodiment 1;

FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a configuration of a tuner inEmbodiment 1;

FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a configuration of a synchronizationprocessor in Embodiment 1;

FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a configuration of a polarized signalprocessor in Embodiment 1;

FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a configuration of a transmission pathestimator in Embodiment 1;

FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating an example of processing operation ofa signal processing device in Embodiment 1;

FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating another example of processingoperation of the signal processing device in Embodiment 1;

FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a configuration of a communicationdevice in Embodiment 2;

FIG. 12 illustrates an example of a configuration of a polarized signalprocessor in Embodiment 2;

FIG. 13 illustrates a configuration of a transmission path estimator inEmbodiment 2;

FIG. 14 illustrates an example of a configuration of a transmission pathestimator in a variation of Embodiment 2;

FIG. 15 illustrates an example of a configuration of a communicationdevice in Embodiment 3;

FIG. 16 illustrates an example of a configuration of an IF transmissionsignal generator in Embodiment 3;

FIG. 17 illustrates an example of a configuration of a communicationdevice in a variation of Embodiment 3;

FIG. 18 illustrates an example of a configuration of a communicationdevice in Embodiment 4;

FIG. 19 illustrates an example of a configuration of a synchronizationprocessor in Embodiment 4;

FIG. 20 illustrates an example of a configuration of a polarizationoffsetter in Embodiment 4;

FIG. 21 is a flowchart illustrating an example of processing operationof a signal processing device in Embodiment 4;

FIG. 22 illustrates an example of a configuration of a communicationdevice in Embodiment 5;

FIG. 23 illustrates an example of a configuration of a synchronizationprocessor in Embodiment 5;

FIG. 24 illustrates an example of a configuration of a polarized signalprocessor in Embodiment 5;

FIG. 25 illustrates an example of a configuration of a communicationdevice in Embodiment 6;

FIG. 26 illustrates an example of a configuration of a synchronizationprocessor in Embodiment 6;

FIG. 27 is a flowchart illustrating an example of processing operationof a signal processing device in Embodiment 6;

FIG. 28 illustrates the position of a pilot block included in a framestructure in accordance with the DVB-82X standard;

FIG. 29 illustrates an example of a configuration of a communicationdevice in Embodiment 7;

FIG. 30 illustrates an example of a configuration of a synchronizationprocessor in Embodiment 7;

FIG. 31 illustrates an example of a configuration of a polarized signalprocessor in Embodiment 7;

FIG. 32 illustrates a super frame (SF) structure in accordance with theDVB-S2X standard;

FIG. 33 illustrates an example of a configuration of a communicationdevice in Embodiment 8;

FIG. 34 illustrates an example of a configuration of a synchronizationprocessor in Embodiment 8;

FIG. 35 illustrates an example of a configuration of a polarized signalprocessor in Embodiment 8;

FIG. 36 illustrates an example of a configuration of a communicationdevice in Embodiment 9;

FIG. 37 illustrates an example of a configuration of a synchronizationprocessor in Embodiment 9;

FIG. 38 illustrates an example of a configuration of a communicationdevice in Embodiment 10;

FIG. 39 illustrates an example of a configuration of a communicationdevice in Variation 1 of Embodiment 10;

FIG. 40 illustrates an example of a configuration of a communicationdevice in Variation 2 of Embodiment 10;

FIG. 41 illustrates an example of a configuration of a polarized signalprocessor in Variation 2 of Embodiment 10;

FIG. 42 is a flowchart illustrating an example of processing operationof a signal processing device in Embodiment 10;

FIG. 43 illustrates an example of a configuration of a communicationdevice in Embodiment 11;

FIG. 44 illustrates an example of a configuration of a synchronizationprocessor in Embodiment 11;

FIG. 45 illustrates an example of a configuration of a polarized signalprocessor in Embodiment 11;

FIG. 46 is a flowchart illustrating an example of processing operationof a signal processing device in Embodiment 11;

FIG. 47 illustrates an example of a configuration of a communicationdevice in Embodiment 12;

FIG. 48 illustrates an example of a configuration of a synchronizationprocessor in Embodiment 12;

FIG. 49 is a flowchart illustrating an example of processing operationof a signal processing device in Embodiment 12;

FIG. 50 illustrates an example of a configuration of a communicationdevice in Embodiment 13;

FIG. 51 illustrates an example of a minimum band through which a tunerand an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter in Embodiment 13 allow signalsto pass;

FIG. 52 illustrates an example of a configuration of a synchronizationprocessor in Embodiment 13;

FIG. 53 is a flowchart illustrating an example of processing operationof a signal processing device in Embodiment 13;

FIG. 54 illustrates an example of a configuration of a communicationdevice in Embodiment 14;

FIG. 55 illustrates examples of minimum bands through which a tuner andan A/D converter in Embodiment 14 allow signals to pass;

FIG. 56 illustrates an example of a configuration of a synchronizationprocessor in Embodiment 14;

FIG. 57 is a flowchart illustrating an example of processing operationof a signal processing device in Embodiment 14;

FIG. 58 illustrates an example of a configuration of a communicationdevice in Embodiment 15;

FIG. 59 illustrates an example of a configuration of a polarized signalprocessor in Embodiment 15; and

FIG. 60 is a flowchart illustrating an example of processing operationof a signal processing device in Embodiment 15.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS (Underlying Knowledge FormingBasis of Present Disclosure)

The inventors of the present disclosure have found that conventionalsignal processing described in the “Description of the Related Art”section has problems as below.

When a satellite signal is received by a mobile body such as anaircraft, polarization changes every moment based on a positionalrelationship between the satellite and the mobile body and rotations ofthe mobile body and the satellite such as rolling and yawing, whichresults in deterioration in reception performance. This becomes morenoticeable in the case of an aircraft that travels a long distance athigh speed. To address this, an aircraft calculates a polarization anglefrom the positional relationship (latitude and longitude information)between a satellite and the body of the aircraft, and reducesdeterioration of the reception performance thereof by mechanically orelectronically changing the polarization plane.

However, the precise optimal point cannot be obtained. Further, thereare problems that a situation where the attitudes of the body of theaircraft and the satellite cannot be tracked arises, and the phase andpower of a circuit in a radio frequency (RF) front end portion thatincludes a V polarization antenna and an H polarization antenna need tobe adjusted in advance.

To address this, it is unnecessary to consider changing a polarizationplane if right-hand polarization or left-hand polarization is used.However, a circular polarization transponder for right-hand or left-handpolarization requires, for example, twice the number of transmissionamplifiers, so that the cost increases consequently. Thus, it isdifficult to use circular polarization transponders for all satellitebeams.

In order to address such problems, a signal processing device accordingto an aspect of the present disclosure includes: a first transmissionpath estimator that estimates a first transmission path characteristicof a transmission signal using, out of a vertical signal and ahorizontal signal, the vertical signal, the transmission signal beingtransmitted from a transmission device in form of one of verticalpolarization and horizontal polarization, the vertical signal and thehorizontal signal resulting from a vertical polarization antenna and ahorizontal polarization antenna receiving the transmission signal; asecond transmission path estimator that estimates a second transmissionpath characteristic of the transmission signal using the horizontalsignal; a weight calculator that calculates a first weight for thevertical signal and a second weight for the horizontal signal, using thefirst transmission path characteristic and the second transmission pathcharacteristic; and a weighting applier that applies weighted summationto the vertical signal and the horizontal signal using the first weightand the second weight. The first transmission path characteristic is acharacteristic of a transmission path through which the transmissionsignal is transmitted from the transmission device to the verticalpolarization antenna, and the second transmission path characteristic isa characteristic of a transmission path through which the transmissionsignal is transmitted from the transmission device to the horizontalpolarization antenna. For example, the first transmission pathcharacteristic may indicate a proportion of a signal included in thevertical signal within the transmission signal, and the secondtransmission path characteristic may indicate a proportion of a signalincluded in the horizontal signal within the transmission signal.

Accordingly, in order to receive a signal transmitted from thetransmission device such as a satellite, not only a signal obtained froman antenna for polarization of the transmitted signal, but also a signalobtained from an antenna for polarization orthogonal to the polarizationof the transmitted signal are used. Specifically, a vertical signal anda horizontal signal are used. Furthermore, weighted summation is appliedto such vertical and horizontal signals using weights according to thetransmission path characteristics thereof. Accordingly, performance ofsignal processing can be improved. Thus, when a minimum mean squareerror (MMSE) weight is used for the weights, even if the polarization ofa transmission signal changes every moment, a received signal-to-noisepower ratio (SNR) that deteriorates when the polarization plane deviatesfrom the optimal point can be improved. Furthermore, a receivedsignal-to-interference-plus-noise power ratio (SINR) can also beimproved.

The signal processing device may further include: a synchronizationprocessor that performs synchronization processing on each of thevertical signal and the horizontal signal. The first transmission pathestimator and the second transmission path estimator may estimate thefirst transmission path characteristic and the second transmission pathcharacteristic, using the vertical signal and the horizontal signal oneach of which the synchronization processing has been performed. Theweighting applier may apply the weighted summation to the verticalsignal and the horizontal signal on each of which the synchronizationprocessing has been performed. The synchronization processor mayinclude: a first synchronization processor that performs thesynchronization processing on the vertical signal; and a secondsynchronization processor that performs the synchronization processingon the horizontal signal. The first synchronization processor and thesecond synchronization processor may cooperate with each other inbringing each of a difference in frequency and a difference in phasebetween the vertical signal and the horizontal signal close to 0.

For example, a frequency deviation and a phase deviation that occur whentwo polarized signals received by the antennas are transmitted in amultiplexed manner through one cable may impair reception performance.However, in an aspect of the present disclosure, synchronizationprocessing is performed on each of a vertical signal and a horizontalsignal in cooperation, to bring each of a difference in frequency and adifference in phase close to 0, and thus a synchronization deviation ofeach of the vertical signal and the horizontal signal can be reduced.

The first synchronization processor and the second synchronizationprocessor may further cooperate with each other in decreasing an errorin clock timing between the vertical signal and the horizontal signal,and making a sum of power of the vertical signal and power of thehorizontal signal constant.

Accordingly, the accuracy of synchronization processing on the verticalsignal and the horizontal signal can be increased.

The signal processing device may further include: a polarizationoffsetter that provides an offset to the vertical signal and an offsetto the horizontal signal; and a synchronization processor that performssynchronization processing on each of the vertical signal provided withthe offset and the horizontal signal provided with the offset. The firsttransmission path estimator and the second transmission path estimatormay estimate the first transmission path characteristic and the secondtransmission path characteristic, using the vertical signal and thehorizontal signal on each of which the synchronization processing hasbeen performed. The weighting applier may apply the weighted summationto the vertical signal and the horizontal signal on each of which thesynchronization processing has been performed. The polarizationoffsetter may provide an offset to a vertical signal and an offset to ahorizontal signal on each of which the synchronization processing is tobe performed next, based on at least one of (i) results of thesynchronization processing by the synchronization processor or (ii)information included in a signal resulting from the weighted summation.

Accordingly, even under a condition that an interference signal similarto a satellite signal (namely, a desired signal) from the transmissiondevice is present, offsets can be provided to the vertical signal andthe horizontal signal so that the desired signal can be obtained.Accordingly, a desired signal and an interference signal can bedistinguished, and the influence of an interference component can bereduced, so that the received SINR can be improved.

The signal processing device may further include: an equalizer thatperforms equalization processing on the vertical signal and thehorizontal signal, or on a signal resulting from the weighted summation.

Accordingly, equalization processing is performed, and thus theinfluence of inter-symbol interference can be decreased. Thus, theinfluence of a delay wave can be reduced. As a result, the received SINRcan be improved.

The signal processing device may further include: a synchronizationprocessor that performs synchronization processing on each of thevertical signal and the horizontal signal; and a handover controllerthat designates a handover candidate signal having a frequency differentfrom a frequency of the transmission signal. When the handover candidatesignal is designated, (i) the weighting applier may not apply theweighted summation, and (ii) the synchronization processor may determinewhether a reception signal satisfies a predetermined condition, thereception signal resulting from being received by an antenna forpolarization different from polarization of the transmission signal, outof the vertical polarization antenna and the horizontal polarizationantenna. When the synchronization processor determines that thereception signal satisfies the predetermined condition, the handovercontroller may output a handover execution signal. When the handoverexecution signal is obtained, the synchronization processor, the firsttransmission path estimator, the second transmission path estimator, theweight calculator, and the weighting applier may switch a signal to beprocessed from the transmission signal to the handover candidate signal.

Accordingly, for example, application of MMSE weighted summation isstopped when handover is performed, but nevertheless, handover can beappropriately performed.

The signal processing device may further include: a synchronizationprocessor that performs synchronization processing on each of thevertical signal and the horizontal signal; and a handover controllerthat designates a handover candidate signal having a frequency same as afrequency of the transmission signal and polarization different frompolarization of the transmission signal. When the handover candidatesignal is designated, the synchronization processor determines whetherthe handover candidate signal satisfies a predetermined condition, basedon correlation values indicating correlations of known information withinformation items included in signals received by the verticalpolarization antenna and the horizontal polarization antenna. When thesynchronization processor determines that the handover candidate signalsatisfies the predetermined condition, the handover controller mayoutput a handover execution signal. When the handover execution signalis obtained, the synchronization processor, the first transmission pathestimator, the second transmission path estimator, the weightcalculator, and the weighting applier may switch a signal to beprocessed from the transmission signal to the handover candidate signal.

Accordingly, even when handover is performed, the synchronization timingcan be continuously detected from a desired signal without interruption.As a result, weighted summation can be continuously applied to a desiredsignal also when handover is performed, and the SINR can be improvednear the cell edge in particular.

The signal processing device may further include: a tuner that allowssignals each having a frequency in a frequency band currently set topass through, out of signals received by the vertical polarizationantenna and the horizontal polarization antenna; a synchronizationprocessor that performs synchronization processing on each of thesignals that have passed through the tuner, out of the vertical signaland the horizontal signal; and a handover controller that designates ahandover candidate signal having a frequency and polarization at leastone of which is different from a frequency and polarization of thetransmission signal. When the handover candidate signal is designated,(i) the tuner may increase the frequency band to allow the handovercandidate signal to pass through, and (ii) the synchronization processormay determine whether the handover candidate signal satisfies apredetermined condition, based on a correlation value indicating acorrelation of known information with information included in thehandover candidate signal that has passed through the tuner. When thesynchronization processor determines that the handover candidate signalsatisfies the predetermined condition, the handover controller mayoutput a handover execution signal. When the handover execution signalis obtained, the synchronization processor, the first transmission pathestimator, the second transmission path estimator, the weightcalculator, and the weighting applier may switch a signal to beprocessed from the transmission signal to the handover candidate signal.

Accordingly, no matter what signal the handover candidate signal is, theinfluence of interference components in both a desired signal and ahandover candidate signal can be continuously reduced when handover isperformed. As a result, the received SINR can be improved.

The signal processing device may further include; a tuner that allowssignals each having a frequency in a first frequency band currently setto pass through, out of signals received by the vertical polarizationantenna and the horizontal polarization antenna; a synchronizationprocessor that performs synchronization processing on each of thesignals that have passed through the tuner, out of the vertical signaland the horizontal signal; and a handover controller that designates ahandover candidate signal having a frequency and polarization at leastone of which is different from a frequency and polarization of thetransmission signal. When the handover candidate signal is designated,(i) the tuner may switch, by time-sharing, a frequency band for a signalto pass through between the first frequency band and a second frequencyband for the handover candidate signal to pass through, and (ii) thesynchronization processor may determine whether the handover candidatesignal satisfies a predetermined condition, based on a correlation valueindicating a correlation of known information with information includedin the handover candidate signal that has passed through the tuner. Whenthe synchronization processor determines that the handover candidatesignal satisfies the predetermined condition, the handover controllermay output a handover execution signal. When the handover executionsignal is obtained, the synchronization processor, the firsttransmission path estimator, the second transmission path estimator, theweight calculator, and the weighting applier may switch a signal to beprocessed from the transmission signal to the handover candidate signal.

Accordingly, no matter what signal the handover candidate signal is, theinfluence of an interference component in one of a desired signal and ahandover candidate signal can be reduced by using time-sharing whenhandover is performed. As a result, the received SINR can be improved.

The signal processing device may further include: an antenna controllerthat changes orientations of polarization planes of signals received bythe vertical polarization antenna and the horizontal polarizationantenna. The antenna controller may change the orientations of thepolarization planes, based on the first weight and the second weightcalculated by the weight calculator.

Accordingly, the influence of an interference component can be furtherreduced, and the received SINR can be further improved.

A mobile body according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes:the signal processing device described above; the vertical polarizationantenna; and the horizontal polarization antenna.

Accordingly, for example, a mobile body such as an aircraft can improvethe received SNR that deteriorates when the polarization plane deviatesfrom the optimal point, even if polarization of a transmission signalchanges every moment due to rolling and yawing. Furthermore, thereceived SINR can also be improved.

The following specifically describes embodiments with dereference to thedrawings.

Note that the embodiments described below each show a general orspecific example. The numerical values, shapes, materials, elements, thearrangement and connection of the elements, steps, and the processingorder of the steps, for instance, described in the following embodimentsare examples, and thus are not intended to limit the present disclosure.Among the elements in the following embodiments, elements not recited inany of the independent claims defining the most generic concept of thepresent disclosure are described as arbitrary elements. Furthermore, thedrawings are schematic diagrams, and do not necessarily provide strictlyaccurate illustration. The same numerals are given to equivalent membersthroughout the drawings.

Embodiment 1

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a configuration of a communicationsystem in Embodiment 1.

The communication system includes satellite 3000 that transmitssatellite signals, and communication device 100 that receives thesatellite signals.

As illustrated in FIG. 1, satellite 3000 is provided with antenna 3010.Antenna 3010 is for two orthogonal polarizations (V polarization and Hpolarization). Accordingly, satellite 3000 transmits and receivessignals by multi-spot beams using antenna 3010, that is, repetitions offour spot beams (4 colors) resulting from the two orthogonalpolarizations being applied to each of two frequency bands.

As illustrated in FIG. 1, antenna 2010 is provided in airplane 2000, andconnected with communication device 100. Antenna 2010 is for twoorthogonal polarizations (V polarization and H polarization). Note thatsatellite 3000 transmits a vertically polarized (V-polarized) satellitesignal in the form of a beam to the location of airplane 2000 in thepresent embodiment. Communication device 100 receives, using antenna2010, the V-polarized satellite signal transmitted from satellite 3000.

FIG. 2 illustrates a structure of a frame in accordance with the DVB-S2Xstandard (Draft ETSI EN 302 307-2 v1.1.1 (October, 2014): Digital VideoBroadcasting (DVB); Second generation framing structure, channel codingand modulation systems for Broadcasting, Interactive Services, NewsGathering and other broadband satellite applications; DVB-S2 Extensions(DVB-S2X)(http://www.etsi,org/deliver/et.i_en/302300_302399/30230702/01.01.01_20/en_30230702v010101a.pdf)which is transmitted from antenna 3010 of satellite 3000. Each frameincludes a physical layer header (PLHEADER) that includes 90 symbols,and low-density parity-check (LDPC) coded frame that includes 64800 bitsor 16200 bits. PLHEADER has 90 symbols modulated by π/2-binary phaseshift keying (BPSK), and includes a 26-symbol start of frame (SOF) whichis a known bit pattern (18D2E82_(HEX)), and a 64-symbol physical layersignaling (PLS) code (PLSCODE). An LDPC coded frame includes an S slotor S slots (S is an integer of one or more), and the value of S variesdepending on a modulation method. Note that one slot includes 90symbols.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a configuration of communication device100 provided in airplane 2000. Communication device 100 includes tuner110, synchronization processor 130, polarized wave signal processer 140,forward error correction (FEC) decoder 150, and reference signalgenerator 155. Communication device 100 further includesanalog-to-digital (A/D) converter 120V for V polarization, and A/Dconverter 120H for H polarization. Note that a unit that includeselements of communication device 100 except tuner 110 and referencesignal generator 155 may be configured into integrated circuit 105.

The following describes operation of communication device 100.

Two polarized signals received by antenna 2010 are input to tuner 110 assignals each having a frequency in an intermediate frequency (IF) band(also referred to as an input IF signal).

Parts (a) and (b) of FIG. 4 illustrate examples of frequency spectra ofinput IF signals. As illustrated in FIG. 4, a V-polarized input IFsignal is input in a frequency band from 950 MHz to 1450 MHz, and ahorizontally polarized (H-polarized) input IF signal is input in afrequency band from 1650 MHz to 2150 MHz. Thus, the H-polarized input IFsignal is input in a frequency band higher than that for the V-polarizedinput IF signal by 700 MHz. Note that as described in the SUMMARYsection, airplane 2000 calculates a polarization angle from thepositional relationship between a satellite and the body of airplane2000 (namely, latitude and longitude information), and mechanically orelectronically changes the polarization plane of antenna 2010, but hasnot yet succeeded in obtaining the precise optimal point.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a configuration of tuner 110. Tuner 110includes down-converters 111 and 113, reference signal generator 115,and tuning signal generator 117.

In tuner 110 in FIG. 5, reference signal generator 115 generates a700-MHz reference signal. Down-converter 111 multiplies an input IFsignal illustrated in (a) of FIG. 4 by the 700-MHz reference signal, andextracts an H-polarized signal down-converted to a band from 950 MHz to1450 MHz using a band-pass filter (BPF). Tuning signal generator 117generates a tuning signal having the same center frequency as that of aselected frequency band, out of signals that occupy a band from 950 MHzto 1450 MHz. Down-converter 113 multiplies each of the input IF signalillustrated in (a) of FIG. 4 and a signal output from down-converter 111by the tuning signal, extracts a V-polarized signal and an H-polarizedsignal each down-converted to the baseband using low-pass filters(LPFs), and outputs the resultant signals as a tuned V signal and atuned H signal.

Note that in the present embodiment, satellite 3000 transmits aV-polarized signal in the form of a beam to the location of airplane2000, as described above. Communication device 100 receives theV-polarized signal transmitted from satellite 3000 using antenna 2010.Accordingly, tuner 110 extracts a tuned V signal from the V-polarizedsignal received using a V polarization antenna included in antenna 2010and outputs the tuned V signal, and extracts a tuned H signal from theV-polarized signal received using an H polarization antenna included inantenna 2010, and outputs the tuned H signal. In this case,down-converter 111 of tuner 110 down-converts only a signal having afrequency in a band from 1650 MHz to 2150 MHz, out of the input IFsignals.

Next, as illustrated in FIG. 3, a 10-MHz reference signal generated byreference signal generator 155 is input to integrated circuit 105. Vpolarization A/D converter 120V converts a tuned V signal from an analogsignal into a digital signal. As a result, a V-polarized tuned digitalsignal is output. H polarization A/D converter 120H converts a tuned Hsignal from an analog signal into a digital signal. As a result, anH-polarized tuned digital signal is output.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a configuration of synchronizationprocessor 130. Synchronization processor 130 includes rough frequencysynchronization processor 131V, clock synchronization processor 132V,frame synchronization processor 133V, precise frequency synchronizationprocessor 134V, phase synchronization processor 135V, amplitudecontroller 136V, and digital phase synchronization processor 137V, whichare for V polarization. Furthermore, synchronization processor 130includes rough frequency synchronization processor 131H, clocksynchronization processor 132H, frame synchronization processor 133H,precise frequency synchronization processor 134H, phase synchronizationprocessor 135H, amplitude controller 136H, and digital phasesynchronization processor 137H, which are for H polarization. Note thatin the reference signs given to elements, “V” indicates that the elementis for V polarization, and “H” indicates that the element is for Hpolarization, in the present disclosure. Furthermore, in the presentdisclosure, if “H” or “V” is omitted from a reference sign, thereference sign denotes an element for one of or each of V polarizationand H polarization. For example, rough frequency synchronizationprocessor 131 means one of or each of rough frequency synchronizationprocessor 131V and rough frequency synchronization processor 131H.

Synchronization processor 130 performs synchronization processing on thetuned V signal and the tuned H signal converted into digital signals.Synchronization processor 130 outputs the tuned V signal on whichsynchronization processing is performed, as a V signal or a signalsubjected to synchronization processing, and outputs the tuned H signalon which synchronization processing is performed, as an H signal or asignal subjected to synchronization processing. The basic operation isin accordance with Annex C of Non Patent Literature (NPL) 5 (DVB bluebook A171-1 (March, 2015): Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB);Implementation guidelines for the second generation system forBroadcasting, Interactive Services, News Gathering and other broadbandsatellite applications; Part 1 (DVB-S2)(https://www.dvb.org/resources/public/standards/a171-1_s2_guide.pdO),and thus the following describes only distinctive operation of thepresent embodiment.

Tuner 110 in FIG. 5 down-converts an H-polarized signal to a band from950 to 1450 MHz, using a 700-MHz reference signal generatedirrespectively of the 10-MHz reference signal used by synchronizationprocessor 130. Accordingly, if synchronization processor 130 justperforms synchronization processing for two routes independently fromeach other on the tuned V signal and the tuned H signal that are outputfrom tuner 110, a frequency deviation and a phase deviation between a Vsignal and an H signal output from synchronization processor 130 occur.Accordingly, synchronization processor 130 performs phase locked loop(PLL control or feed forward control to adjust the difference betweenfrequencies synchronized by precise frequency synchronization processors134 for V polarization and H polarization to 0. Furthermore,synchronization processor 130 performs PLL control or feed forwardcontrol to adjust the difference between phases synchronized by phasesynchronization processors 135 for V polarization and H polarization to0.

Alternatively, as illustrated in FIG. 5, the 10-MHz reference signalgenerated by reference signal generator 155 may be input to tuner 110,and reference signal generator 115 may generate a 700-MHz referencesignal using the 10-MHz reference signal. Alternatively, as illustratedin (b) of FIG. 4, tuner 110 may extract the 10-MHz reference signalgenerated by reference signal generator 155 and multiplexed on an inputIF signal, and reference signal generator 115 may generate a 700-MHzreference signal using the 10-MHz reference signal. In such cases, ifsynchronization processor 130 just performs synchronization processingfor two routes independently from each other on the tuned V signal andthe tuned H signal that are output from tuner 110, only a phasedeviation occurs between a V signal and an H signal output fromsynchronization processor 130. Accordingly, synchronization processor130 performs PLL control or feed forward control to adjust thedifference between phases synchronized by phase synchronizationprocessors 135 for V polarization and H polarization to 0.

As described above, a V-polarized tuned digital signal and anH-polarized tuned digital signal on which synchronization processor 130has performed synchronization processing are input to polarized signalprocessor 140 as signals subjected to synchronization processing(namely, a V signal and an H signal).

FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a configuration of polarized signalprocessor 140. Polarized signal processor 140 includes weight calculator170 and weighting applier 175. Furthermore, polarized signal processor140 includes buffer 161V and transmission path estimator 165V for Vpolarization, and buffer 161H and transmission path estimator 166H for Hpolarization.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a configuration of transmission pathestimator 165. Note that the configuration of transmission pathestimator 165 illustrated in FIG. 8 represents the configuration of eachof transmission path estimators 165V and 165H.

Transmission path estimator 165 includes 26 delay elements 181-1 to181-26, 26 multipliers 182-1 to 182-26, and normalization averageprocessor 183. Note that in the present embodiment, 26 delay elements181-1 to 181-26 may be each referred to as delay element 181, and 26multipliers 182-1 to 182-26 may be each referred to as multiplier 182.

In transmission path estimator 165 in FIG. 8, at the timing when 26symbols of the SOF are stored in 26 delay elements 181, 26 multipliers182 multiply complex numbers of outputs from 26 delay elements 181 withcomplex numbers of 26 coefficients C₁ to C₂₆. 26 coefficients C₁ to C₂₆are conjugate complex numbers of symbols resulting from modulating bitsof the known bit pattern (18D2E82_(HEX)) illustrated in FIG. 2 byπ/2-BPSK. Normalization average processor 183 performs averageprocessing on the outputs from 26 multipliers 182, and outputs anormalized value as a transmission path estimated value. Note that whenthere is no error of 26 symbols of the SOF input to transmission pathestimator 165, transmission path estimator 165 performs processing toadjust the output to 1, as the normalization described above. Thus,transmission path estimator 165 performs processing of correlating 26symbols of the SOF included in a signal to be input, which has beensubjected to synchronization processing, with 26 symbols resulting frommodulating bits of the known bit pattern (18D2E82_(HEX)) by π/2-BPSK.

Using the transmission path estimated values output from transmissionpath estimators 165V and 165H in FIG. 8, weight calculator 170 in FIG. 7calculates minimum mean square error MMSE) weight w=[w__(V),w__(H)]^(T), as in Expression (1) below. [·]^(T) expresses transpose ofa matrix.

w=h ^(H)(hh ^(H) +o ² I)⁻¹  Expression (1)

Here, h__(V) and h__(H) denote transmission path estimated values ofsignals received by the V polarization antenna and the H polarizationantenna in antenna 2010, respectively, and h in Expression (1)represents h=[h__(V), h__(H)]^(T), [·]^(H) denotes Hermitian transposeof a matrix, o² denotes distribution of received noise, and I denotes anidentity matrix.

If o²=0, w denotes the weight of zero forcing (ZF).

If received signals received via antenna 2010 have interferencecomponents, when h__(VU) . . . h__(VU) and h__(HU) denote transmissionpath estimated values of the paths to the V polarization antenna and theH polarization antenna with respect to the interference components andh__(U)=[h__(VU), h__(HU)]^(T) is satisfied, MMSE weight w is calculatedby Expression (2).

w=h ^(H)(hh ^(H) +h_ _(U) h_ _(U) ^(H) +o ² I)⁻¹  Expression (2)

Weighting applier 175 in FIG. 7 performs, using weights w__(V) andw__(H) output from weight calculator 170, processing of applying MMSEweighting as shown by Expression (3) below, and outputs resultantV-polarized signal x__(V).

x_ _(V) =w_ _(V) ·y_ _(V) +w_ _(H) ·y_ _(H)  Expression (3)

Here, y__(V) denotes a signal delayed by buffer 161V by the time forprocessing in transmission path estimator 165V and weight calculator170, out of V-polarized signals subjected to synchronization processingand input to polarized signal processor 140. y__(H) denotes a signaldelayed by buffer 16111 by the time for processing in transmission pathestimator 165H and weight calculator 170, out of H-polarized signalssubjected to synchronization processing and input to polarized signalprocessor 140. As shown by Expressions (1) to (3), weight calculationand weighting processing is maximum-ratio combining processing onV-polarized and H-polarized signals subjected to synchronizationprocessing.

Next, as illustrated in FIG. 3, FEC decoder 150 of communication device100 performs forward error correction processing on V-polarized signalx__(V) that is an output from polarized signal processor 140.

The above configuration prevents a synchronization deviation for each ofa V-polarized input IF signal and an H-polarized input IF signal thatare input to communication device 100. Furthermore, a received SNR thathas deteriorated due to the deviation of the polarization plane from theoptimal point can be improved by performing MMSE processing usingsignals received by the V and H polarization antennas (namely, antenna2010). Further, a signal in the form of a neighboring beam, which hasthe same frequency as and different polarization from a beam at thelocation of airplane 2000, is attenuated by the cross-polardiscrimination (XPD) ratio, and becomes an interference component.However, in the present embodiment, a received SINR can be improved byMMSE processing. Furthermore, when the airplane is flying at the edge ofa beam, a signal in the form of a neighboring beam, which has the samefrequency as and the same polarization as those of a beam at thelocation of airplane 2000, becomes a greater interference component.However, in the present embodiment, influence due to an interferencecomponent can be reduced by MMSE processing, and the received SINR canbe improved.

<Variation>

For example, an unknown satellite signal having the same frequency mayreach airplane 2000 as an interference wave. At this time, transmissionpath estimated value h__(U) of the unknown satellite signal cannot beobtained, and thus weight calculator 170 in FIG. 7 may calculate MMSEweight w as shown by Expression (2)′ below, instead of Expression (2).

w=h ^(H)(E[yy ^(H)])⁻¹  Expression (2)′

Here, y in Expression (2)′ represents y=[y__(V), y__(H)]^(T), and E[·]is an expected value.

Accordingly, the influence of an interference component due to anunknown satellite signal can also be reduced by MMSE processing, and thereceived SINR can be improved.

Here, communication device 100 in the present embodiment and thisvariation includes a signal processing device for receiving signalstransmitted from satellite 3000. This signal processing device includespolarized signal processor 140, for example.

Specifically, the signal processing device includes transmission pathestimator 165V that is a first transmission path estimator, transmissionpath estimator 165H that is a second transmission path estimator, weightcalculator 170, and weighting applier 175.

Transmission path estimator 165V estimates a first transmission pathcharacteristic of a transmission signal using, out of a vertical signaland a horizontal signal, the vertical signal, the transmission signalbeing transmitted from satellite 3000 that is a transmission device inform of one of vertical polarization and horizontal polarization, thevertical signal and the horizontal signal resulting from a verticalpolarization antenna and a horizontal polarization antenna receiving thetransmission signal. Note that antenna 2010 includes the verticalpolarization antenna and the horizontal polarization antenna, forexample. Transmission path estimator 165H estimates a secondtransmission path characteristic of the transmission signal using thehorizontal signal.

The first transmission path characteristic is a characteristic of atransmission path through which a transmission signal is transmittedfrom a transmission device (for example, satellite 3000) to the verticalpolarization antenna. The second transmission path characteristic is acharacteristic of a transmission path through which a transmissionsignal is transmitted from the transmission device to the horizontalpolarization antenna. For example, when a transmission signal istransmitted in the form of vertical polarization, if the polarizationangles of the vertical polarization antenna and the horizontalpolarization antenna deviate from the vertical polarization, a portionof the transmission signal is received by the horizontal polarizationantenna. Accordingly, for example, 80% of signal components of thetransmission signal are contained in a vertical signal, and remaining20% of the signal components are contained in a horizontal signal. Thefirst transmission path characteristic described above may indicate aproportion of a signal included in the vertical signal within thetransmission signal, and the second transmission path characteristic mayindicate a proportion of a signal included in the horizontal signalwithin the transmission signal. The first transmission pathcharacteristic and the second transmission path characteristic may eachindicate a deviation of the polarization angle relative to atransmission signal, or more specifically, may indicate a deviation of apolarization angle of the vertical polarization antenna and a deviationof a polarization angle of the horizontal polarization antenna relativeto a transmission signal, respectively. Furthermore, the firsttransmission path characteristic and the second transmission pathcharacteristic may each include an attenuation characteristic of atransmission signal. The attenuation characteristic may indicate theamount or factor of attenuation of a transmission signal transmittedfrom the transmission device and received by the antenna due to thetransmission distance of the transmission signal. The attenuationcharacteristic may indicate the amount or factor of attenuation of atransmission signal due to the state of a transmission path of thetransmission signal such as water vapor in the air, for example. Notethat in the present embodiment, the first transmission pathcharacteristic and the second transmission path characteristic may bedetermined as the transmission path estimated values described above,for example.

Weight calculator 170 calculates a first weight for a vertical signaland a second weight for a horizontal signal, using the firsttransmission path characteristic and the second transmission pathcharacteristic. Weighting applier 175 applies weighted summation to thevertical signal and the horizontal signal using the first weight and thesecond weight. For example, the first weight and the second weight areeach an MMSE weight, and weighted summation is applied so thatmaximum-ratio combining is performed on the vertical signal and thehorizontal signal. Note that a vertical signal is, for example, a Vsignal mentioned above, but may be any signal as long as the signal canbe obtained by the V polarization antenna. Similarly, a horizontalsignal is, for example, an H signal mentioned above, but may be anysignal as long as the signal can be obtained by the H polarizationantenna.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating an example of processing operation ofthe signal processing device in Embodiment 1.

The signal processing device first estimates a first transmission pathcharacteristic of a transmission signal using, out of a vertical signaland a horizontal signal, the vertical signal, the transmission signalbeing transmitted from a transmission device in form of one of verticalpolarization and horizontal polarization, the vertical signal and thehorizontal signal resulting from the vertical polarization antenna andthe horizontal polarization antenna receiving the transmission signal(step S101). Next, the signal processing device estimates a secondtransmission path characteristic of the transmission signal using thehorizontal signal (step S102). Next, the signal processing devicecalculates a first weight for the vertical signal and a second weightfor the horizontal signal using the first transmission pathcharacteristic and the second transmission path characteristic (stepS103). The signal processing device applies weighted summation to thevertical signal and the horizontal signal using the first weight and thesecond weight (step S104). Note that polarized signal processor 140, forexample, performs processing in steps S101 to S104.

Accordingly, in order to receive a signal transmitted from atransmission device such as a satellite, the signal processing deviceand the signal processing method in the present embodiment use not onlya signal obtained from an antenna for polarization of the signaltransmitted from the transmission device, but also a signal obtainedfrom an antenna for polarization orthogonal to the polarization of thesignal transmitted from the transmission device. Stated differently, avertical signal and a horizontal signal are used. Furthermore, weightedsummation is applied to such a vertical signal and a horizontal signalusing weights based on the transmission path characteristics thesignals. Accordingly, when the MMSE weight is used as the weights, evenif the polarization of a transmission signal varies every moment, thereceived SNR that deteriorates when the polarization plane deviates fromthe optimal point can be improved. Furthermore, the received SINR can beimproved.

The signal processing device may further include synchronizationprocessor 130 that performs synchronization processing on each of thevertical signal and the horizontal signal. In this case, transmissionpath estimator 165V and transmission path estimator 165H estimate thefirst transmission path characteristic and the second transmission pathcharacteristic, using the vertical signal and the horizontal signal oneach of which synchronization processing has been performed. Weightingapplier 175 applies weighted summation to the vertical signal andhorizontal signal on each of which synchronization processing has beenperformed. Synchronization processor 130 includes a firstsynchronization processor that performs synchronization processing onthe vertical signal, and a second synchronization processor thatperforms synchronization processing on the horizontal signal. The firstsynchronization processor and the second synchronization processorcooperate with each other in bringing each of a difference in frequencyand a difference in phase between the vertical signal and the horizontalsignal close to 0. For example, the first synchronization processorincludes rough frequency synchronization processor 131V, clocksynchronization processor 132V, frame synchronization processor 133V,precise frequency synchronization processor 134V, phase synchronizationprocessor 135V, amplitude controller 136V, and digital phasesynchronization processor 137V. The second synchronization processorincludes rough frequency synchronization processor 131H, clocksynchronization processor 132H, frame synchronization processor 133H,precise frequency synchronization processor 134H, phase synchronizationprocessor 135H, amplitude controller 136H, and digital phasesynchronization processor 137H. Precise frequency synchronizationprocessor 134V and precise frequency synchronization processor 134Hcooperate with each other, and phase synchronization processor 135V andphase synchronization processor 135H cooperate with each other.Specifically, when precise frequency synchronization processor 134V andprecise frequency synchronization processor 134H cooperate with eachother, precise frequency synchronization processor 134V transmitsinformation indicating the frequency of a vertical signal to precisefrequency synchronization processor 134H. Conversely, precise frequencysynchronization processor 134H transmits information indicating thefrequency of a horizontal signal to precise frequency synchronizationprocessor 134V. When phase synchronization processor 135V and phasesynchronization processor 135H cooperate with each other, phasesynchronization processor 135V transmits information indicating thephase of a vertical signal to phase synchronization processor 135H.Conversely, phase synchronization processor 135H transmits informationindicating the phase of a horizontal signal to phase synchronizationprocessor 135V.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating another example of processingoperation of the signal processing device in Embodiment 1.

First, the signal processing device performs synchronization processingon each of a vertical signal and a horizontal signal (step S90). At thistime, as described above, the first synchronization processor and thesecond synchronization processor cooperate with each other in bringingeach of a difference in frequency and a difference in phase between thevertical signal and the horizontal signal close to 0. The signalprocessing device performs polarized signal processing that includesprocessing of steps S101 to S104 illustrated in FIG. 9 (step S100).

Accordingly, the signal processing device and the signal processingmethod in the present embodiment can reduce synchronization deviationsof the input vertical signal and the input horizontal signal.

Embodiment 2

FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a configuration of communicationdevice 200 in Embodiment 2. Note that out of the elements included incommunication device 200 in the present embodiment, the same element asan element in communication device 100 in Embodiment 1 is given the samesign as that of the element in Embodiment 1, and a detailed descriptionthereof is omitted.

In the present embodiment, satellite signals are transmitted in amultiplexed manner in a single frequency band using V polarization and Hpolarization in the form of a beam at the location of airplane 2000.However, DVB-S2X frames are transmitted in a multiplexed manner atslightly different timings between V polarization and H polarization.Accordingly, this yields an advantage that the existing modulator inconformity with the DVB-S2X standard can be used as it is.

Communication device 200 in FIG. 11 has a configuration in whichpolarized signal processor 140 and FEC decoder 150 are replaced withpolarized signal processor 240 and FEC decoder 250, respectively, ascompared with communication device 100 in Embodiment 1 illustrated inFIG. 3. Note that in communication device 200, a unit that includeselements except tuner 110 and reference signal generator 155 may beconfigured into integrated circuit 205.

FIG. 12 illustrates an example of a configuration of polarized signalprocessor 240. Polarized signal processor 240 has a configuration inwhich transmission path estimators 165V and 165H, weight calculator 170,and weighting applier 175 are replaced with transmission path estimators265V and 265H, weight calculator 270, and weighting applier 275,respectively as compared with polarized signal processor 140 inEmbodiment 1 illustrated in FIG. 7.

FIG. 13 illustrates a configuration of transmission path estimator 265.Note that the configuration of transmission path estimator 265illustrated in FIG. 13 is a configuration of each of transmission pathestimators 265V and 265H.

Transmission path estimator 265 has a configuration in whichnormalization average processor 183 is replaced with normalizationaverage processor 283, as compared with transmission path estimator 165in Embodiment 1 illustrated in FIG. 8.

Normalization average processor 283 outputs a transmission pathestimated value of a satellite signal transmitted in the form ofpolarization identical to the reception polarization of a route in whichnormalization average processor 283 is disposed (a V-polarized signal,for example), similarly to normalization average processor 183 inEmbodiment 1 illustrated in FIG. 8. Normalization average processor 283monitors a normalization average processing result, from and up to timesa certain symbol period ahead and behind a timing at which thenormalization average processing is performed. Normalization averageprocessor 283 outputs a monitored peak value as a transmission pathestimated value of a satellite signal transmitted in the form ofpolarization orthogonal to the reception polarization of the above route(an H-polarized signal, for example). Specifically, normalizationaverage processor 283 of transmission path estimator 265V outputstransmission path estimated values h__(VY) and h__(VH), andnormalization average processor 283 of transmission path estimator 265Houtputs transmission path estimated values h__(HV) and h__(HH).

Weight calculator 270 in FIG. 12 calculates MMSE weight matrix W usingthe transmission path estimated values output from transmission pathestimators 265 in FIG. 13, as shown by Expressions (4) to (6) below.

$\begin{matrix}\left\lbrack {{Math}\mspace{14mu} 1} \right\rbrack & \; \\{W = \begin{pmatrix}w_{\_ \; {VV}} & w_{\_ \; {VH}} \\w_{\_ \; {HV}} & w_{\; {\_ \; {HH}}}\end{pmatrix}} & {{Expression}\mspace{14mu} (4)} \\\left\lbrack {{Math}\mspace{14mu} 2} \right\rbrack & \; \\{H = \begin{pmatrix}h_{\_ \; {VV}} & h_{\_ \; {VH}} \\h_{\_ \; {HV}} & h_{\_ \; {HH}}\end{pmatrix}} & {{Expression}\mspace{14mu} (5)} \\\left\lbrack {{Math}\mspace{14mu} 3} \right\rbrack & \; \\\begin{matrix}{W = {H^{H}\left( {{HH}^{H} + {\sigma^{2}I}} \right)}^{- 1}} \\{= {H^{H}\left( {E\left\lbrack {\begin{pmatrix}y_{\_ \; V} \\y_{\_ \; H}\end{pmatrix}\begin{pmatrix}y_{\_ \; V}^{*} & y_{\_ \; H}^{*}\end{pmatrix}} \right\rbrack} \right)}^{- 1}}\end{matrix} & {{Expression}\mspace{14mu} (6)}\end{matrix}$

Here, h__(VV), h__(VH), h__(HV), and h__(HH) denote a transmission pathestimated value of a signal resulting from a satellite signaltransmitted in the form of V polarization being received by the Vpolarization antenna, a transmission path estimated value of a signalresulting from a satellite signal transmitted in the form of Hpolarization being received by the V polarization antenna, atransmission path estimated value of a signal resulting from a satellitesignal transmitted in the form of V polarization being received by the Hpolarization antenna, and a transmission path estimated value of asignal resulting from a satellite signal transmitted in the form of Hpolarization being received by the H polarization antenna.

Using weight matrix W output from weight calculator 270, weightingapplier 275 in FIG. 12 performs MMSE weighting processing as shown inthe following expression, and outputs resultant V-polarized signalx__(V) and H-polarized signal x__(H).

$\begin{matrix}\left\lbrack {{Math}\mspace{14mu} 4} \right\rbrack & \; \\{\begin{pmatrix}x_{\_ \; V} \\x_{\_ \; H}\end{pmatrix} = {W\begin{pmatrix}y_{\_ \; V} \\y_{\_ \; H}\end{pmatrix}}} & {{Expression}\mspace{14mu} (7)}\end{matrix}$

Here, y__(V) denotes a signal delayed by buffer 161V by the time forprocessing in transmission path estimator 265V and weight calculator270, out of V-polarized signals subjected to synchronization processingand input to polarized signal processor 240. y__(H) denotes a signaldelayed by buffer 161H by the time for processing in transmission pathestimator 265H and weight calculator 270, out of H-polarized signalssubjected to synchronization processing and input to polarized signalprocessor 240. Further, y*__(V) and y*__(H) in Expression (6) arecomplex conjugates of y__(V) and y__(H), respectively.

Next, as illustrated in FIG. 11, FEC decoder 250 of communication device200 performs forward error correction processing on each of V-polarizedsignal x__(V) and H-polarized signal x__(H) that are outputs frompolarized signal processor 240. The signals subjected to forward errorcorrection processing are output through different routes or multiplexedin accordance with a predetermined rule and output through a singleroute.

With the above configuration, in the present embodiment, satellitesignals transmitted in a multiplexed manner in the form of Vpolarization and H polarization in a single band can be received whilean existing modulator in conformity with the DVB-S2X standard is used asit is, in addition to advantageous effects yielded by Embodiment 1. Inthe receiving process, an interference component mixes between Vpolarization and H polarization, yet in the present embodiment, MMSEprocessing is performed using signals received by the V and Hpolarization antennas, and thus the influence due to the interferencecomponent can be reduced, and the received SINR can be improved.

<Variation>

The known bit pattern (18D2E82_(HEX)) of the 26-symbol SOF illustratedin FIG. 2 may be changed between V polarization and H polarization,instead of slightly changing the timing for transmitting a DVB-S2Xframe. Specifically, one bit pattern for one of V polarization and Hpolarization is set to “18D2E82_(HEX)”, and the other is changed to abit pattern orthogonal to “18D2E82_(HEX)”. Accordingly, the timing oftransmitting a DVB-S2X frame may be the same for V polarization and Hpolarization, and the accuracy of transmission path estimated values ofsatellite signals transmitted in the form of V polarization and Hpolarization, which are obtained by the transmission path estimatorsimprove.

FIG. 14 illustrates an example of a configuration of transmission pathestimator 267 in this variation. Polarized signal processor 240 ofcommunication device 200 in this variation includes transmission pathestimators 267V and 267H, instead of transmission path estimators 265Vand 265H described above. Note that the configuration of transmissionpath estimator 267 illustrated in FIG. 14 is the configuration of eachof transmission path estimators 267V and 267H.

Transmission path estimator 267 has a configuration in which 26multipliers 182-1′ to 182-26′ are added, and one more normalizationaverage processor 183 is further added, as compared with transmissionpath estimator 165 in Embodiment 1 illustrated in FIG. 8. Note that 26multipliers 182-1 to 182-26′ may be each referred to as multiplier 182′in the present embodiment. 26 multipliers 182′ multiply complex numbersof outputs from 26 delay elements 181 with complex numbers of 26coefficients C_(1′) to C_(26′). 26 coefficients C_(1′) to C_(26′) areconjugate complex numbers of symbols resulting from modulating bits of aknown bit pattern orthogonal to the known bit pattern (18D2E82_(HEX))illustrated in FIG. 2 by π/2-BPSK. Accordingly, transmission pathestimator 267 can obtain two transmission path estimated values withsufficient accuracy.

Embodiment 3

FIG. 15 illustrates an example of a configuration of communicationdevice 300 in Embodiment 3. Note that out of the elements included incommunication device 300 in the present embodiment, the same element asan element in the communication device in Embodiment 1 or 2 is given thesame sign as that of the element in Embodiment 1 or 2, and a detaileddescription thereof is omitted.

In the present embodiment, communication device 300 has an uplinktransmission function, and uses an MMSE weight used for downlinkreception as a weight at the time of the transmission.

Communication device 300 in FIG. 15 has a configuration in which uplinksignal generator 301, polarized transmission signal generator 302, andIF transmission signal generator 303 are added, as compared withcommunication device 100 in Embodiment 1 illustrated in FIG. 3. Notethat a unit that includes uplink signal generator 301 and polarizedtransmission signal generator 302 in communication device 300 may beconfigured into integrated circuit 304.

In communication device 300 in FIG. 15, uplink signal generator 301performs processing such as modulation and error correction coding oninput uplink transmission data, and outputs the resultant uplinktransmission data. Uplink signal generator 301 performs processing inaccordance with the DVB-RCS2 standard (ETSI EN 301 545-2 v1.2.1 (April,2014) Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Second Generation DVBInteractive Satellite System (DVB-RCS2); Part 2: Lower Layers forSatellite standard(http://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_en/301500_301599/3054502/01.02.01_60/en_30154502v010201p.pdf)), for example.

Polarized transmission signal generator 302 performs, using the MMSEweight used for downlink reception (w__(V) and w__(H) in Expressions (1)and (2) above), weighting processing as shown by Expressions (8) and (9)below, and outputs resultant V-polarized transmission baseband signalz__(V) and H-polarized transmission baseband signal z__(H).

z_ _(V) =w_ _(V) ·u  Expression (8)

z_ _(H) =w_ _(H) ·u  Expression (9)

Here, u denotes an output signal from uplink signal generator 301.

FIG. 16 illustrates an example of a configuration of IF transmissionsignal generator 303. IF transmission signal generator 303 includesup-converters 305 and 306, adder 307, tuning signal generator 308, andreference signal generator 309.

In IF transmission signal generator 303 in FIG. 16, tuning signalgenerator 308 generates a tuning signal having the same center frequencyat the frequency position for transmission. Up-converter 305 multiplieseach of two signals output from polarized transmission signal generator302 with the tuning signal, extracts the up-converted V-polarized signaland the up-converted H-polarized signal using BPFs, and outputs theextracted signals. Reference signal generator 309 generates a 700-MHzreference signal, and up-converter 306 multiplies the H-polarized signaloutput from up-converter 305 with the 700-MHz reference signal, extractsthe up-converted H-polarized signal using a BPF, and outputs theextracted signal. Alternatively, as illustrated in FIG. 16, referencesignal generator 309 may generate a 700-MHz reference signal using a10-MHz reference signal generated by reference signal generator 155.Alternatively, as illustrated in (b) of FIG. 4, IF transmission signalgenerator 303 extracts a 10-MHz reference signal generated by referencesignal generator 155 and multiplexed on an input IF signal, andreference signal generator 309 may generate a 700-MHz reference signalusing the 10-MHz reference signal.

Adder 307 adds a V-polarized signal output from up-converter 305 and anH-polarized signal output from up-converter 306, and outputs theresultant signal as an output IF signal to antenna 2010 illustrated inFIG. 1. An output IF signal that includes a V-polarized signal and anH-polarized signal and is output to antenna 2010 occupies a selectedband in (a) of FIG. 4, and a frequency difference between V polarizationand H polarization is 700 MHz. Antenna 2010 converts the output IFsignal into an RF signal, amplifies power of the signal, and transmitsV-polarized and H-polarized RF signals to satellite 3000 in FIG. 1.

As described above, in the present embodiment, communication device 300has an uplink transmission function, and uses the MMSE weight used whena downlink is received as a weight for transmission. Accordingly, thetransmission polarization plane of airplane 2000 can be aligned with thereception polarization plane of satellite 3000, so that the receivedSINR at satellite 3000 can be improved.

<Variation>

Also when communication device 200 in Embodiment 2 has an uplinktransmission function, the MMSE weight used when a downlink is receivedmay be used as a weight for transmission, similarly to the presentembodiment. Stated differently, a communication device in this variationis a device that is communication device 200 in Embodiment 2 having thefunction of communication device 300 in Embodiment 3.

FIG. 17 illustrates an example of a configuration of communicationdevice 350 in this variation. Communication device 350 in FIG. 17 has aconfiguration in which uplink signal generator 301, polarizedtransmission signal generator 302, and IF transmission signal generator303 are added, as compared with communication device 200 in Embodiment 2illustrated in FIG. 11. Note that a unit that includes uplink signalgenerator 301 and polarized transmission signal generator 302 incommunication device 300 may be configured into integrated circuit 304.

Polarized transmission signal generator 302 performs weightingprocessing as shown by Expressions (9a) and (10) below, using the MMSEweight used when a downlink is received (w__(VV) and w__(HH) inExpressions (4) and (5) above), and outputs resultant V-polarizedtransmission baseband signal z__(V), and resultant H-polarizedtransmission baseband signal z__(H).

z_ _(V) =w_ _(VV) ·u  Expression (9a)

z_ _(H) =w_ _(HH) ·u  Expression (10)

Here, u denotes an output signal from uplink signal generator 301.Accordingly, also when satellite signals transmitted in a multiplexedmanner in the form of V polarization and H polarization in a single bandare downlinked, the transmission polarization plane of airplane 2000 canbe aligned with the reception polarization plane of satellite 3000, sothat the received SINR at satellite 3000 can be improved.

Embodiment 4

FIG. 18 illustrates an example of a configuration of communicationdevice 400 in Embodiment 4. Note that out of elements included incommunication device 400 in the present embodiment, the same element asthat of the communication device in any of Embodiments 1 to 3 is giventhe same sign as that of the element in the embodiment, and a detaileddescription thereof is omitted. In the present embodiment, a signalsimilar to a desired signal is present as an interference signal. Notethat the desired signal is a signal transmitted from satellite 3000 tothe location of airplane 2000.

Communication device 400 in FIG. 18 has a configuration in whichpolarization offsetter 402 and packet determiner 403 are added, andsynchronization processor 130 is replaced with synchronization processor401, as compared with communication device 100 in Embodiment 1illustrated in FIG. 3. Packet determiner 403 feeds back a packetdetermination result as a packet reception state to polarizationoffsetter 402. Note that a unit that includes elements except tuner 110and reference signal generator 155 in communication device 400 may beconfigured into integrated circuit 405.

FIG. 19 illustrates an example of a configuration of synchronizationprocessor 401. Synchronization processor 401 includes framesynchronization processor 133V, rough frequency synchronizationprocessor 431, clock synchronization processor 432, precise frequencysynchronization processor 434, phase synchronization processor 435.amplitude controller 136V, and digital phase synchronization processor437, which are for V polarization. Synchronization processor 401 furtherincludes rough frequency synchronization corrector 441, clocksynchronization corrector 442, precise frequency synchronizationcorrector 444, phase synchronization corrector 445, amplitude controller136H, and digital phase synchronization corrector 447, which are for Hpolarization.

Thus, in synchronization processor 401, rough frequency synchronizationprocessor 131V, clock synchronization processor 132V, precise frequencysynchronization processor 134V, phase synchronization processor 135V,and digital phase synchronization processor 137V which are for Vpolarization are replaced with rough frequency synchronization processor431, clock synchronization processor 432, precise frequencysynchronization processor 434, phase synchronization processor 435, anddigital phase synchronization processor 437, respectively, as comparedwith synchronization processor 130 in Embodiment 1 illustrated in FIG.6. Furthermore, rough frequency synchronization processor 131H, clocksynchronization processor 132H, precise frequency synchronizationprocessor 134H, phase synchronization processor 135H, and digital phasesynchronization processor 13711 which are for H polarization arereplaced with rough frequency synchronization corrector 441, clocksynchronization corrector 442, precise frequency synchronizationcorrector 444, phase synchronization corrector 445, and digital phasesynchronization corrector 447, respectively. In synchronizationprocessor 401, the processors for V polarization detect errors in, forinstance, frequency, clock, and phase, as error signals, and calculateand output correction signals for synchronization processing from thedetected error signals. The correctors for H polarization performcorrection for synchronization processing on an input signal using thecorrection signals.

Frame synchronization processor 133V outputs feedback informationindicating a frame synchronization determination result. For example,frame synchronization processor 133V derives a correlation value that isa transmission path estimated value, similarly to transmission pathestimator 165V, and if the correlation value is greater than athreshold, outputs feedback information indicating that framesynchronization has succeeded as the frame synchronization determinationresult. In this case, transmission path estimator 165V may obtain thecorrelation value from frame synchronization processor 133V, rather thanderiving the correlation value by itself.

FIG. 20 illustrates an example of a configuration of polarizationoffsetter 402. Polarization offsetter 402 includes a total of fourmultipliers 184-1 to 184-4 and a total of two adders 406-1 and 406-2,for a V-polarized signal and an H-polarized signal. Polarizationoffsetter 402 includes coefficient generator 407. Coefficient generator407 receives feedback information from synchronization processor 401.Here, polarization offsetter 402 provides polarization offsets to aninput V-polarized signal and an input H-polarized signal (V-polarizedand H-polarized tuned digital signals), based on Expressions (11) and(12) below.

$\begin{matrix}\left\lbrack {{Math}\mspace{14mu} 5} \right\rbrack & \; \\{\begin{pmatrix}V^{\prime} \\H^{\prime}\end{pmatrix} = {C\begin{pmatrix}V \\H\end{pmatrix}}} & {{Expression}\mspace{14mu} (11)} \\\left\lbrack {{Math}\mspace{14mu} 6} \right\rbrack & \; \\{C = \begin{pmatrix}c_{1} & c_{2} \\c_{3} & c_{4}\end{pmatrix}} & {{Expression}\mspace{14mu} (12)}\end{matrix}$

Here, elements c1, c2, c3, and c4 of matrix C are generated bycoefficient generator 407. For example, when feedback information thatindicates the frame synchronization determination result is obtainedfrom synchronization processor 401, coefficient generator 407 setsmatrix C as shown by Expression (13) below. Coefficient generator 407may sequentially change the value of θ in Expression (13) until feedbackinformation indicating that frame synchronization has succeeded isobtained as the frame synchronization determination result.

$\begin{matrix}\left\lbrack {{Math}\mspace{14mu} 7} \right\rbrack & \; \\{C = \begin{pmatrix}{\cos \; \theta} & {{- \sin}\; \theta} \\{\sin \; \theta} & {\cos \; \theta}\end{pmatrix}} & {{Expression}\mspace{14mu} (13)}\end{matrix}$

Polarization offsetter 402 can obtain feedback information fromsynchronization processor 401 immediately, yet it is difficult forpolarization offsetter 402 to determine whether the success in framesynchronization indicated by the feedback information is success for adesired signal or an interference signal. Accordingly, after framesynchronization has succeeded, packet determiner 403 may determinewhether a stream output from FEC decoder 150 is a desired signal or aninterference signal, based on an IP address included in the stream or anetwork information table (NIT) included in a transport stream (TS).Packet determiner 403 may feed back a packet determination result, whichis the determination result, to polarization offsetter 402. For example,when the packet determination result indicating that a stream is aninterference signal is fed back to polarization offsetter 402,polarization offsetter 402 changes the value of θ in Expression (13).

Alternatively, the frame synchronization determination result may not befed back from synchronization processor 401 to polarization offsetter402, and only the packet determination result may be fed back frompacket determiner 403 to polarization offsetter 402.

Note that when the value of θ increases power of a desired signal or aninterference signal obtained in the form of V polarization, the accuracyof synchronization processing for V polarization increases, and thusframe synchronization processor 133H for H polarization is unnecessary.

From the above configuration, in the present embodiment, even under thecondition in which an interference signal similar to a desired signal ispresent, a desired signal and an interference signal can bedistinguished by the polarization offset function and the framesynchronization determination function or the packet determinationfunction, in addition to advantageous effects yielded by Embodiment 1.As a result, the influence of an interference component can be reducedand the received SINR can be improved, by performing MMSE processing ona desired signal using both the V-polarized and H-polarized signals.

Here, communication device 400 in the present embodiment includes asignal processing device for receiving a signal transmitted fromsatellite 3000. The signal processing device includes polarizationoffsetter 402, synchronization processor 401, and polarized signalprocessor 140, for example. Polarization offsetter 402 provides offsetsto a vertical signal and a horizontal signal on which synchronizationprocessing is to be performed next, based on at least one of the resultof synchronization processing by synchronization processor 401 orinformation included in a signal resulting from weighted summation. As aresult, synchronization processor 401 performs synchronizationprocessing on each of the vertical signal and the horizontal signalprovided with offsets.

Note that the result of synchronization processing by synchronizationprocessor 401 is notified to polarization offsetter 402 as the feedbackinformation described above. The information included in a signalresulting from weighted summation is an IP address or a NIT describedabove, for example. Such information is obtained by packet determiner403, and a packet determination result based on the information is fedback to polarization offsetter 402.

FIG. 21 is a flowchart illustrating an example of processing operationof the signal processing device in Embodiment 4.

First, the signal processing device calculates a correction signal froma vertical signal, performs correction for synchronization processing onthe vertical signal and a horizontal signal using the correction signal(step S95), and further performs polarized signal processing on thesignals (step S100). Here, if there are signals to be processed next(Yes in step S201), polarization offsetter 402 in the signal processingdevice derives offsets for a vertical signal and a horizontal signal onwhich synchronization processing is to be performed next, based on atleast one of the result of synchronization processing by synchronizationprocessor 401 or information included in a signal resulting fromweighted summation (step S202). Furthermore, polarization offsetter 402provides the derived offsets to the vertical signal and the horizontalsignal on which synchronization processing is to be performed next (stepS203).

Accordingly, with the signal processing device and the signal processingmethod in the present embodiment, even under the condition in which aninterference signal similar to a desired signal from a transmissiondevice is present, an offset can be provided so that the desired signalcan be obtained. Accordingly, a desired signal and an interferencesignal can be distinguished, the influence of an interference componentcan be reduced, and the received SINR can be improved.

Embodiment 5

FIG. 22 illustrates an example of a configuration of communicationdevice 450 in Embodiment 5. Note that out of the elements included incommunication device 450 in the present embodiment, the same element asthat of the communication device in any of Embodiments 1 to 4 is giventhe same sign as that of the element in the embodiment, and a detaileddescription thereof is omitted. In the present embodiment, a signalsimilar to a desired signal is present as an interference signal.

Communication device 450 in FIG. 22 has a configuration in whichsynchronization processor 130 and polarized signal processor 140 arereplaced with synchronization processor 451 and polarized signalprocessor 452, respectively, as compared with communication device 100in Embodiment 1 illustrated in FIG. 3. Note that a unit that includeselements except tuner 110 and reference signal generator 155 incommunication device 450 may be configured into integrated circuit 455.

FIG. 23 illustrates an example of a configuration of synchronizationprocessor 451. Synchronization processor 451 has a configuration inwhich frame synchronization processor 133V for V polarization, and framesynchronization processor 133H for H polarization are replaced withframe synchronization processors 453 and 454, respectively, as comparedwith synchronization processor 130 in Embodiment 1 illustrated in FIG.6. Frame synchronization processor 453 for V polarization and framesynchronization processor 454 for H polarization cooperate with eachother in establishing frame synchronization, and generate a framesynchronization timing signal, and frame synchronization processor 453for V polarization outputs the frame synchronization timing signal. At atiming different from frame synchronization timing, at least one offrame synchronization processor 453 for V polarization or framesynchronization processor 454 for H polarization detects that acorrelation value indicating a correlation of a tuned digital signalwith the known bit pattern of the SOF exceeds a threshold. In this case,frame synchronization processor 453 for V polarization calculates adifference between that detection timing and the frame synchronizationtiming. Frame synchronization processor 453 for V polarization outputs aweight update instruction as being invalid if the timing difference issmaller than a predetermined value.

FIG. 24 illustrates an example of a configuration of polarized signalprocessor 452. Polarized signal processor 452 has a configuration inwhich weight calculator 170 is replaced with weight calculator 470, ascompared with polarized signal processor 140 in Embodiment 1 illustratedin FIG. 7. In polarized signal processor 452, when the weight updateinstruction is invalid, weight calculator 470 stops updating an MMSEweight, and maintains the weight calculated last time.

As described above, in the present embodiment, when the timing at whicha desired signal is received and the timing at which an interferencesignal similar to the desired signal is received are close, updating theMMSE weight is stopped. Accordingly, the influence of an interferencesignal can be reduced.

Embodiment 6

FIG. 25 illustrates an example of a configuration of communicationdevice 500 in Embodiment 6. Note that out of the elements included incommunication device 500 in the present embodiment, the same element asthat of the communication device in any of Embodiments 1 to 5 is giventhe same sign as that of the element in the embodiment, and a detaileddescription thereof is omitted.

Communication device 500 in FIG. 25 has a configuration in whichsynchronization processor 130 is replaced with synchronization processor530, as compared with communication device 100 in Embodiment 1illustrated in FIG. 3. Note that a unit that includes elements excepttuner 110 and reference signal generator 155 in communication device 500may be configured into integrated circuit 505. Synchronization processor530 in the present embodiment may be applied to Embodiments 1 to 5.

FIG. 26 illustrates an example of a configuration of synchronizationprocessor 530. Synchronization processor 530 includes framesynchronization processor 541, rough frequency synchronization processor131V, clock synchronization processor 532V, precise frequencysynchronization processor 134V, phase synchronization processor 135V,amplitude controller 536V, and digital phase synchronization processor137V, which are for V polarization. Synchronization processor 530further includes frame synchronization processor 542, rough frequencysynchronization processor 131H, clock synchronization processor 532H,precise frequency synchronization processor 134H, phase synchronizationprocessor 135H, amplitude controller 536H, and digital phasesynchronization processor 137H, which are for H polarization. Thus, insynchronization processor 530, as compared with synchronizationprocessor 130 in Embodiment 1 illustrated in FIG. 6, clocksynchronization processors 132V and 132H and amplitude controllers 136Vand 136H are replaced with clock synchronization processors 532V and532H and amplitude controllers 536V and 536H, respectively. Furthermore,frame synchronization processor 133V for V polarization and framesynchronization processor 133H for H polarization are replaced withframe synchronization processors 541 and 542, respectively.

Clock synchronization processors 532V and 532H do not independentlyperform clock synchronization processing, and cooperate with each otherin performing the synchronization processing. Similarly, amplitudecontrollers 536V and 536H do not independently perform amplitudecontrol, and cooperate with each other in performing the amplitudecontrol. Clock synchronization processors 532V and 532H cooperate witheach other in clock synchronization processing by adding vectors oferrors in clock timing of V polarization and H polarization. Forexample, amplitude controllers 536V and 536H cooperate with each otherin amplitude control by controlling the gains of V polarization and Hpolarization so that the gains are the same to make a sum of power of Vpolarization and power of H polarization constant.

Frame synchronization processor 541 for V polarization and framesynchronization processor 542 for H polarization cooperate with eachother in establishing frame synchronization, and generate a framesynchronization timing signal. Frame synchronization processor 541 for Vpolarization outputs the generated frame synchronization timing signal.For example, frame synchronization processor 541 for V polarization andframe synchronization processor 542 for H polarization cooperate witheach other in establishing frame synchronization by detecting that acorrelation value indicating a correlation of the known bit pattern ofthe SOP with at least one of a tuned digital signal for V polarizationor a tuned digital signal for H polarization has exceeded a threshold.

The above configuration achieves an increase in the accuracy ofsynchronization processing in the present embodiment. Similaradvantageous effects can also be obtained when the present embodiment isapplied to Embodiments 1 to 5.

Here, communication device 500 in the present embodiment includes asignal processing device for receiving signals transmitted fromsatellite 3000. The signal processing device includes synchronizationprocessor 530 and polarized signal processor 140, for example.Synchronization processor 530 includes a first synchronization processorand a second synchronization processor. In the present embodiment, thefirst synchronization processor includes rough frequency synchronizationprocessor 131V, clock synchronization processor 532V, framesynchronization processor 541, precise frequency synchronizationprocessor 134V, phase synchronization processor 135V, amplitudecontroller 536V, and digital phase synchronization processor 137V. Thesecond synchronization processor includes rough frequencysynchronization processor 131H, clock synchronization processor 532H,frame synchronization processor 542, precise frequency synchronizationprocessor 134H, phase synchronization processor 135H, amplitudecontroller 536H, and digital phase synchronization processor 137H. Thefirst synchronization processor and the second synchronization processoras above cooperate with each other in further decreasing an error inclock timing between a vertical signal and a horizontal signal (forexample, bringing the error close to 0) and making a sum of power of thevertical signal and power of the horizontal signal constant.Accordingly, clock synchronization processor 532V and clocksynchronization processor 532H cooperate with each other. and amplitudecontroller 536V and amplitude controller 536H cooperate with each other.

FIG. 27 is a flowchart illustrating an example of processing operationof the signal processing device in Embodiment 6.

In synchronization processing in the signal processing device, the firstsynchronization processor and the second synchronization processorcooperate with each other in bringing the error in clock timing betweena vertical signal and a horizontal signal close to 0 (step S91).Furthermore, the first synchronization processor and the secondsynchronization processor cooperate with each other in bringing each ofa difference in frequency and a difference in phase between the verticalsignal and the horizontal signal close to 0, and making a sum of powerof the vertical signal and power of the horizontal signal constant (stepS92).

Accordingly, the signal processing device and the signal processingmethod in the present embodiment achieve increase in the accuracy ofsynchronization processing.

Embodiment 7

FIG. 28 illustrates a position of a pilot block included in a framestructure in accordance with the DVB-S2X standard. A pilot block has 36symbols, and is inserted in an LDPC coded frame for each set of 16slots. The pilot block has a characteristic value for each scramble ID.

FIG. 29 illustrates an example of a configuration of communicationdevice 600 in Embodiment 7. Note that out of the elements included incommunication device 600 in the present embodiment, the same element asthat of the communication device in any of Embodiments 1 to 6 is giventhe same sign as that of the element in the embodiment, and a detaileddescription thereof is omitted.

Communication device 600 in FIG. 29 has a configuration in whichsynchronization processor 130 and polarized signal processor 140 arereplaced with synchronization processor 630 and polarized signalprocessor 640, respectively, as compared with communication device 100in Embodiment 1 illustrated in FIG. 3. Note that a unit that includeselements except tuner 110 and reference signal generator 155 incommunication device 600 may be configured into integrated circuit 605.Synchronization processor 630 and polarized signal processor 640 in thepresent embodiment may be applied to Embodiments 1 to 6.

FIG. 30 illustrates an example of a configuration of synchronizationprocessor 630. Synchronization processor 630 has a configuration inwhich frame synchronization processor 541 for V polarization and framesynchronization processor 542 for H polarization are replaced with framesynchronization processors 641 and 642, respectively, as compared withsynchronization processor 530 in Embodiment 6 illustrated in FIG. 26.

Frame synchronization processor 641 for V polarization and framesynchronization processor 642 for H polarization cooperate with eachother in establishing frame synchronization, and generate a framesynchronization timing signal. Frame synchronization processor 641. forV polarization outputs the generated frame synchronization timingsignal. Here, frame synchronization processor 641 for V polarization andframe synchronization processor 642 for H polarization use not only theSOF but also one or more pilot blocks for frame synchronization. Forexample, frame synchronization processor 641 for V polarization andframe synchronization processor 642 for H polarization cooperate witheach other in establishing frame synchronization by detecting that anaccumulated correlation value indicating correlations of at least one ofa tuned digital signal for V polarization or a tuned digital signal forH polarization with the SOF and with one or more pilot blocks hasexceeded the threshold. Note that the accumulated correlation value isobtained by accumulating (1) a correlation value indicating acorrelation of a tuned digital signal with the known bit pattern of theSOF, and (2) a correlation value indicating a correlation of a tuneddigital signal with each of characteristic values of N pilot blocks (Nis an integer of one or more).

Note that the number of pilot blocks included between adjacent SOFsvaries depending on a slot modulating method. Thus, if only apredetermined number of pilot blocks after an SOF are used for framesynchronization, correlation values regarding two SOFs can be preventedfrom being included in the accumulated correlation value.

Note that in synchronization processor 630 in FIG. 30, processors otherthan frame synchronization processors 641 and 642 may also performprocessing using one or more pilot blocks.

FIG. 31 illustrates an example of a configuration of polarized signalprocessor 640. Polarized signal processor 640 has a configuration inwhich transmission path estimator 165V for V polarization andtransmission path estimator 165H for H polarization are replaced withtransmission path estimators 665V and 665H, respectively, as comparedwith polarized signal processor 140 in Embodiment 1 illustrated in FIG.7. In polarized signal processor 640 in FIG. 31, transmission pathestimators 665V and 665H calculate transmission path estimated values byusing not only the SOF but also pilot blocks. Thus, transmission pathestimators 665V and 665H calculate accumulated correlation values asdescribed above as transmission path estimated values for V polarizationand H polarization.

As described above, in the present embodiment, not only an SOF but alsopilot blocks are used for frame synchronization processing andtransmission path estimation. Accordingly, even when an interferencesignal is similar to a desired signal, if a scramble ID is different, itis possible to determine that the reception signal is an interferencesignal, and the accuracy of synchronization processing and MMSE weightcalculation can be increased. Similar advantageous effects can beobtained also when the present embodiment is applied to Embodiments 1 to6.

Embodiment 8

FIG. 32 illustrates a super frame (SF) structure in accordance with theDVB-S2X standard. Each frame has a 270-symbol start of super frame(SOSF), a 450-symbol super-frame format indication (SFFI), and a611820-symbol format-specific frame, and is configured of 612540 symbolsin total.

The SOSF includes a 256-bit Walsh-Hadamard sequence and 14-bit padding.Accordingly, the SOSF includes 256 kinds of sequences that areorthogonal to each other. In the format-specific frame, a pilot blockcan be inserted subsequently to data or a header. The intervals at eachof which a pilot block is inserted and the length of a pilot block canbe varied depending on the SF format (0 to 4). Further, a pilot blockalso includes a Walsh-Hadamard sequence, similarly to the SOSF, and thuspilot blocks that include different Walsh-Hadamard sequences areorthogonal to each other. Note that the format-specific frame alsoincludes the SOF illustrated in FIG. 2.

FIG. 33 illustrates an example of a configuration of communicationdevice 700 in Embodiment 8. Note that out of the elements included incommunication device 700 in the present embodiment, the same element asthat of the communication device in any of Embodiments 1 to 7 is giventhe same sign as that of the element in the embodiment, and a detaileddescription thereof is omitted.

Communication device 700 in FIG. 33 has a configuration in whichsynchronization processor 130 and polarized signal processor 140 arereplaced with synchronization processor 730 and polarized signalprocessor 740, respectively, as compared with communication device 100in Embodiment 1 illustrated in FIG. 3. Note that a unit that includeselements except tuner 110 and reference signal generator 155 incommunication device 700 may be configured into integrated circuit 705.Synchronization processor 730 and polarized signal processor 740 in thepresent embodiment may be applied to Embodiments 1 to 7.

FIG. 34 illustrates an example of a configuration of synchronizationprocessor 730. Synchronization processor 730 has a configuration inwhich frame synchronization processor 541 for V polarization and framesynchronization processor 542 for H polarization are replaced with framesynchronization processors 741 and 742, respectively, as compared withsynchronization processor 530 in Embodiment 6 illustrated in FIG. 26.

Frame synchronization processor 741 for V polarization and framesynchronization processor 742 for H polarization cooperate with eachother in establishing frame synchronization, and generate a framesynchronization timing signal. Frame synchronization processor 741 for Vpolarization outputs the generated frame synchronization timing signal.Frame synchronization processor 741 for V polarization and framesynchronization processor 742 for H polarization also use the SOSF andpilot blocks for frame synchronization. For example, framesynchronization processor 741 for V polarization and framesynchronization processor 742 for H polarization cooperate with eachother in establishing frame synchronization by detecting that anaccumulated correlation value indicating correlations of at least one ofa tuned digital signal for V polarization or a tuned digital signal forH polarization with the SOSF, the SOF, and one or more pilot blocks hasexceeded a threshold. Note that the accumulated correlation value isobtained by accumulating (1) a correlation value indicating acorrelation of a tuned digital signal with the known bit pattern of theSOSF, (2) a correlation value indicating a correlation of a tuneddigital signal with the known bit pattern of the SOF, and (3) acorrelation value indicating a correlation of a tuned digital signalwith each of characteristic values of N pilot blocks (N is an integer ofone or more).

Note that the number of pilot blocks included between adjacent SOFsvaries depending on a slot modulating method. Thus, if only apredetermined number of pilot blocks after an SOF are used for framesynchronization, correlation values regarding two SOFs can be preventedfrom being included in the accumulated correlation value.

Note that in synchronization processor 730 in FIG. 34, the processorsother than frame synchronization processors 741 and 742 may also performprocessing using the SOSF and pilot blocks.

FIG. 35 illustrates an example of a configuration of polarized signalprocessor 740. Polarized signal processor 740 has a configuration inwhich transmission path estimator 165V for V polarization andtransmission path estimator 165H for H polarization are replaced withtransmission path estimators 765V and 765H, respectively, as comparedwith polarized signal processor 140 in Embodiment 1 illustrated in FIG.7. In polarized signal processor 740 in FIG. 35, transmission pathestimators 765V and 765H calculate transmission path estimated values byusing not only the SOF but also the SOSF and pilot blocks. Thus,transmission path estimators 765V and 765H calculate accumulatedcorrelation values as described above as transmission path estimatedvalues for V polarization and H polarization.

As described above, in the present embodiment, frame synchronization isperformed on the SOSF and pilot blocks included in the SF in accordancewith the DVB-S2X standard, and orthogonalities thereof are used.Accordingly, even if an interference signal is similar to a desiredsignal, it is possible to determine whether a reception signal is aninterference signal or a desired signal, and the accuracy ofsynchronization processing can be increased. Similar advantageouseffects can be obtained also when the present embodiment is applied toEmbodiments 1 to 7.

Embodiment 9

FIG. 36 illustrates an example of a configuration of communicationdevice 800 in Embodiment 9. Note that out of the elements included incommunication device 800 in the present embodiment, the same element asthat of the communication device in any of Embodiments 1 to 8 is giventhe same sign as that of the element in the embodiment, and a detaileddescription thereof is omitted.

Communication device 800 in FIG. 36 has a configuration in whichsynchronization processor 130 is replaced with synchronization processor830, and error detector 860 is added, as compared with communicationdevice 100 in Embodiment 1 illustrated in FIG. 3. Note that a unit thatincludes elements except tuner 110 and reference signal generator 155 incommunication device 800 may be configured into integrated circuit 805.Synchronization processor 830 and error detector 860 in the presentembodiment may be applied to Embodiments 1 to 8.

Error detector 860 obtains an output signal (also referred to as asignal subjected to polarized signal processing) from polarized signalprocessor 140, and detects an error in the output signal. For example,error detector 860 detects, as errors, differences in, for instance,frequency and phase between symbols included in the output signal. Suchan error may be an average value of a predetermined number of symbols.Error detector 860 feeds back error information that indicates theerrors to synchronization processor 830.

FIG. 37 illustrates an example of a configuration of synchronizationprocessor 830. Synchronization processor 830 in FIG. 37 includes roughfrequency synchronization processor 831V, clock synchronizationprocessor 832V, frame synchronization processor 833V, precise frequencysynchronization processor 834V, phase synchronization processor 835V,amplitude controller 836V, and digital phase synchronization processor837V, which are for V polarization. Synchronization processor 830further includes rough frequency synchronization processor 831H, clocksynchronization processor 832H, frame synchronization processor 833H,precise frequency synchronization processor 834H, phase synchronizationprocessor 835H, amplitude controller 836H, and digital phasesynchronization processor 837H, which are for H polarization.

Note that in this disclosure, as described above, if “H” or “V” isomitted from a reference sign, the reference sign denotes an element forone of or each of elements for V polarization and H polarization. Forexample, rough frequency synchronization processor 831 denotes one of oreach of rough frequency synchronization processor 831V and roughfrequency synchronization processor 831H.

Synchronization processor 830 performs synchronization processing on atuned V signal and a tuned H signal converted into digital signals.Synchronization processor 830 outputs the tuned V signal on whichsynchronization processing has been performed as a V signal or a signalsubjected to synchronization processing, and outputs a tuned H signal onwhich synchronization processing has been performed as an H signal or asignal subjected to synchronization processing. The basic operation isin accordance with Annex C of NPL 5, and thus only distinctive operationof the present embodiment is to be described in the following.

In the present embodiment, error information fed back from errordetector 860 is input to each of rough frequency synchronizationprocessor 831, clock synchronization processor 832, precise frequencysynchronization processor 834, phase synchronization processor 835,amplitude controller 836, and digital phase synchronization processor837 in synchronization processor 830. Note that the abovesynchronization processors to which error information is input arehereinafter referred to as parameter synchronization processors.

When performing frequency or phase synchronization processing, theparameter synchronization processors detect an error from an inputpolarized signal (namely, a tuned digital signal), and performsynchronization processing using the error. Here, the parametersynchronization processors in the present embodiment use not only theerror detected from the input polarized signal, but also add the errorand an error indicated by the error information fed back from errordetector 860 and use the addition result for synchronization processing.As compared with an input polarized signal, the influence ofinterference and noise in the output signal from polarized signalprocessor 140 is reduced by MMSE processing. Accordingly, the parametersynchronization processors can perform more accurate error detection byalso using error information based on this output signal. As a result,the accuracy of synchronization processing in each of the parametersynchronization processors can be increased. Examples of thesynchronization processing herein include clock synchronization, roughor precise frequency synchronization, phase synchronization, amplitudecontrol, and digital phase synchronization.

Frame synchronization processor 833 in the present embodiment obtains asignal subjected to polarized signal processing. Such framesynchronization processor 833 performs processing using an output signalfrom clock synchronization processor 832 after the operation starts, andoutputs a frame synchronization timing signal upon detecting, for thefirst time, that a correlation value indicating a correlation regardingthe SOF has exceeded a threshold. Using a signal subjected to polarizedsignal processing, frame synchronization processor 833 decodes thePLSCODE subsequent to the SOF, obtains information regarding modulationand coding (MODCOD) (a modulation scheme and a coding rate) or regardingas to whether a pilot signal is included, and detects the number ofsymbols included in the frame. Accordingly, frame synchronizationprocessor 833 detects the timing of the head symbol of the next frame. Asignal subjected to polarized signal processing may be used for framesynchronization processor 833 also in subsequent operation.

As described above, in the present embodiment, the accuracy ofsynchronization processing can be increased by feeding back the errordetected from a signal on which polarized signal processing has beenperformed (a signal subjected to polarized signal processing asdescribed above) to synchronization processor 830. Similar advantageouseffects can be obtained also when the present embodiment is applied toEmbodiments 1 to 8. In the present embodiment, communication device 800includes error detector 860, and an output signal from error detector860 is fed back to synchronization processor 830. However, communicationdevice 800 may not include error detector 860, and a signal subjected topolarized signal processing from polarized signal processor 140 may befed back to each of the parameter synchronization processors ofsynchronization processor 830. In this case, the parametersynchronization processors each detect an error in a signal subjected topolarized signal processing, using the error detector used insynchronization processing. Accordingly, error detection from the outputof polarized signal processor 140 can be performed with a less amount ofcalculation.

Embodiment 10

FIG. 38 illustrates an example of a configuration of communicationdevice 900 in Embodiment 10. Note that out of the elements included incommunication device 900 in the present embodiment, the same element asthat of the communication device in any of Embodiments 1 to 9 is giventhe same sign as that of the element in the embodiment, and a detaileddescription thereof is omitted.

Communication device 900 in FIG. 38 has a configuration in whichequalizer 970 is added, as compared with communication device 100 inEmbodiment 1 illustrated in FIG. 3. Note that a unit that includeselements except tuner 110 and reference signal generator 15 incommunication device 900 may be configured into integrated circuit 905.Here, for example, equalizer 970 performs, on an output signal frompolarized signal processor 140, equalization processing such as linearequalization using a transversal filter, for instance, or nonlinearequalization using maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE), forinstance.

As described above, in the present embodiment, equalization processingis performed on an output signal from polarized signal processor 140,thus reducing the influence of inter-symbol interference and achievingimprovement in the received SINR. Similar advantageous effects can beobtained also when the present embodiment is applied to Embodiments 1 to9.

<Variation 1>

Instead of performing equalization processing on an output signal frompolarized signal processor 140, equalization processing may be performedon an output signal from synchronization processor 130.

FIG. 39 illustrates an example of a configuration of communicationdevice 901 in Variation 1. In communication device 901, as compared withcommunication device 900, equalizer 970 is replaced with equalizer 971,and equalizer 971 is disposed upstream of polarized signal processor 140rather than downstream thereof. As compared with equalizer 970, thenumber of input signals to equalizer 971 is increased to 2, andequalizer 971 performs equalization processing on each of the two inputsignals. Thus, equalizer 971 performs equalization processing on each ofa V-polarized signal subjected to synchronization processing and anH-polarized signal subjected to synchronization processing, which areoutput from synchronization processor 130.

Thus, inter-symbol interference is eliminated in advance from signals tobe processed by polarized signal processor 140, thus achieving furtherimprovement in the received SINR produced by MMSE processing inpolarized signal processor 140.

<Variation 2>

The equalizer and the polarized signal processor may be combined.

FIG. 40 illustrates an example of a configuration of communicationdevice 902 in Variation 2. Communication device 902 has a configurationin which polarized signal processor 140 and equalizer 970 are replacedwith polarized signal processor 940, as compared with communicationdevice 900.

FIG. 41 illustrates an example of a configuration of polarized signalprocessor 940. Polarized signal processor 940 in FIG. 41 has aconfiguration in which weighting applier 175 is replaced with weightingapplier 975, as compared with polarized signal processor 140 inEmbodiment 1 illustrated in FIG. 7. Weighting applier 975 in FIG. 41performs MMSE weighting processing using weights for N symbols (N is anatural number of two or more) w__(V)(t−N+1), w__(V)(t−N+2), . . . ,w__(V)(t) and w__(H)(t−N+1), w__(H)(t−N+2), . . . , w__(H)(t) outputfrom weight calculator 170, as shown by Expression (14). Weightingapplier 975 outputs V-polarized signal x__(V)(t) which is the result ofthe weighting processing.

[Math 8]

x_ _(V)(t)=Σ_(i=−(N−1)˜0)(w_ _(V)(t−i)·y_ _(V)(t−i)+w_ _(H)(t−i)·y__(H)(t−i))   Expression (14)

Here, y__(V)(t−N+1), y__(V)(t−N+2), . . . , y__(V)(t) are N-symbolsignals delayed by buffer 161V, out of V-polarized signals subjected tosynchronization processing and input to polarized signal processor 940.y__(H)(t−N+1), y__(H)(t−N+2), . . . , y__(H)(t) are N-symbol signalsdelayed by buffer 161H out of H-polarized signals subjected tosynchronization processing and input to polarized signal processor 940.Polarized signal processor 940 illustrated in FIG. 41 performs MMSEweighting processing using weight coefficients for N symbols and anN-symbol signal subjected to synchronization processing, thus alsoperforming equalization processing in polarized signal processor 940.Polarized signal processor 940 having such a configuration can reducethe influence of inter-symbol interference due to equalizationprocessing, similarly to Embodiment 1.0 and Variation 1.

Here, the communication devices in the present embodiment and thevariation each include a signal processing device for receiving signalstransmitted from satellite 3000. This signal processing device includessynchronization processor 130, a polarized signal processor, and anequalizer, for example. The equalizer may be equalizer 970 or 971described above. The polarized signal processor may be polarized signalprocessor 140 described above, and may be polarized signal processor 940having the function of an equalizer. The equalizer performs equalizationprocessing on a vertical signal and a horizontal signal on whichsynchronization processing has been performed, or a signal resultingfrom weighted summation. For example, equalizer 971 performsequalization processing on a vertical signal and a horizontal signal onwhich synchronization processing has been performed, and equalizer 970performs equalization processing on a signal resulting from weightedsummation. Polarized signal processor 940 performs equalizationprocessing on a vertical signal and a horizontal signal on whichsynchronization processing has been performed.

FIG. 42 is a flowchart illustrating an example of processing operationof the signal processing device in Embodiment 10.

The signal processing device first performs synchronization processingon each of a vertical signal and a horizontal signal in cooperation(step S90), and further performs polarized signal processing on thesignals (step S100). Equalizer 970 in the signal processing deviceperforms equalization processing on a signal resulting from weightedsummation in the polarized signal processing (step S300).

Accordingly, the signal processing device and the signal processingmethod in the present embodiment achieve reduction in the influence ofintersymbol interference, since equalization processing is performed.Accordingly, the influence of a delay wave can be reduced. As a result,the received SINR can be improved.

Embodiment 11

FIG. 43 illustrates an example of a configuration of communicationdevice 1000 in Embodiment 11. Note that out of the elements included incommunication device 1000 in the present embodiment, the same element asthat of the communication device in any of Embodiments 1 to 10 is giventhe same sign as that of the element in the embodiment, and a detaileddescription thereof is omitted.

Communication device 1000 in FIG. 43 has a configuration in which tuner110, synchronization processor 530, and polarized signal processor 140are replaced with tuner 1010, synchronization processor 1030, andpolarized signal processor 1040, respectively, and handover controller1080 is added, as compared with communication device 500 in Embodiment 6illustrated in FIG. 25. Note that a unit that includes elements excepttuner 1010, reference signal generator 155, and handover controller 1080in communication device 1000 may be configured into integrated circuit1005. Tuner 1010, synchronization processor 1030, polarized signalprocessor 1040, and handover controller 1080 in the present embodimentmay be applied to Embodiments 1 to 10.

In the present embodiment, handover controller 1080 designates a signalhaving a frequency different from that of a current signal, as ahandover candidate signal. Note that the current signal is a signaltransmitted from satellite 3000 to the current location of airplane2000. When this designation is made, tuner 1010 selects and outputs asignal having the designated frequency as a reception signal for Hpolarization. Note that when a V-polarized signal having a frequencydifferent from that of the current signal is designated as a handovercandidate signal, tuner 1010 selects and outputs a V-polarized signalhaving the designated frequency, as a reception signal for Hpolarization.

FIG. 44 illustrates an example of a configuration of synchronizationprocessor 1030. Synchronization processor 1030 in FIG. 44 includes roughfrequency synchronization processor 1031V, clock synchronizationprocessor 1032V, frame synchronization processor 1041, precise frequencysynchronization processor 1034V, phase synchronization processor 1035V,amplitude controller 1036V, and digital phase synchronization processor1037V, which are for V polarization. Furthermore, synchronizationprocessor 1030 includes rough frequency synchronization processor 1031H,clock synchronization processor 1032H, frame synchronization processor1042, precise frequency synchronization processor 1034H, phasesynchronization processor 1035H, amplitude controller 1036H, and digitalphase synchronization processor 1037H, which are for H polarization.

Note that in the present disclosure, if “H” or “V” is omitted from areference sign, the reference sign denotes an element for one of or eachof V polarization and H polarization, as described above. For example,rough frequency synchronization processor 1031 represents one of or eachof rough frequency synchronization processor 1031V and rough frequencysynchronization processors 1031H.

Synchronization processor 1030 performs synchronization processing on atuned V signal and a tuned H signal converted into digital signals.Synchronization processor 1030 outputs the tuned V signal on whichsynchronization processing has been performed as a V signal or a signalsubjected to synchronization processing, and outputs the tuned H signalon which synchronization processing has been performed as an H signal ora signal subjected to synchronization processing. Since the basicoperation is in accordance with Annex C of NPL 5, the followingdescribes only distinctive operation of the present embodiment.

In the present embodiment, handover information output from handovercontroller 1080 is input to each of rough frequency synchronizationprocessor 1031, clock synchronization processor 1032, precise frequencysynchronization processor 1034, phase synchronization processor 1035,amplitude controller 1036, and digital phase synchronization processor1037 in synchronization processor 1030. Note that each of the abovesynchronization processors to which handover information is input ishereinafter referred to as a parameter synchronization processor. Thehandover information is information that indicates a handover candidatesignal described above.

When handover controller 1080 designates a signal having a frequencydifferent from that of a current signal as a handover candidate signal,the parameter synchronization processors of synchronization processor1030 perform synchronization processing independently from each other.Thus, each parameter synchronization processor for V polarizationperforms synchronization processing on a currently received signal, andeach parameter synchronization processor for H polarization performssynchronization processing on a reception signal having the designatedfrequency. Frame synchronization processor 1041 and framesynchronization processor 1042 cooperate with each other in outputtingthe detection result of the frame synchronization in framesynchronization processor 1042 to handover controller 1080 as thequality of a handover candidate. The quality of a handover candidate isinformation that indicates whether a correlation value indicating acorrelation of an H-polarized reception signal (namely, a tuned digitalsignal) with the known bit pattern of the SOF has exceeded a threshold,for example.

FIG. 45 illustrates an example of a configuration of polarized signalprocessor 1040. In polarized signal processor 1040 in FIG. 45, weightingapplier 175 is replaced with weighting applier 1075, as compared withpolarized signal processor 140 in Embodiment 1 illustrated in FIG. 7.Handover information is input to weighting applier 1075. Weightingapplier 1075 outputs a V-polarized signal subjected to synchronizationprocessing and output from buffer 161V as it is, when the handoverinformation is obtained. Thus, polarized signal processor 1040 does notperform MMSE weighting processing when handover is performed.

If the quality of a handover candidate output from synchronizationprocessor 1030 is sufficient, handover controller 1080 outputs ahandover execution signal to formally perform handover. Note that thecase where the quality of a handover candidate is sufficient is when acorrelation value indicating a correlation of an H-polarized receptionsignal (that is, a tuned digital signal) with the known bit pattern ofthe SOF exceeds the threshold. Tuner 1010 tunes to a frequency of areception signal at the handover destination. Stated differently, tuner1010 tunes to a frequency of a signal designated by handover controller1080 for each of V polarization and H polarization. Thereafter,synchronization processor 1030 and polarized signal processor 1040perform the same processing as in Embodiment 6.

As described above, when handover occurs, the timing at which handoveroccurs and information indicating a signal to be used after the handoverare notified to tuner 1010, synchronization processor 1030, andpolarized signal processor 1040, in the present embodiment. Accordingly,a desired signal can be continuously received also at the time ofhandover.

Here, communication device 1000 in the present embodiment includes asignal processing device for receiving signals transmitted fromsatellite 3000. The signal processing device includes synchronizationprocessor 1030, polarized signal processor 1040, and handover controller1080, for example. Handover controller 1080 designates a handovercandidate signal having a frequency different from that of atransmission signal transmitted from a transmission device such assatellite 3000. When a handover candidate signal is designated,weighting applier 1075 in polarized signal processor 1040 does notperform weighted summation. Furthermore, synchronization processor 1030determines whether a reception signal resulting from being received byan antenna for polarization different from the polarization of atransmission signal, out of a vertical polarization antenna and ahorizontal polarization antenna, satisfies a predetermined condition.Handover controller 1080 outputs a handover execution signal, whensynchronization processor 1030 determines that the reception signalsatisfies the predetermined condition. Synchronization processor 1030and polarized signal processor 1040 switch a signal to be processed fromthe transmission signal described above to a handover candidate signal,when the handover execution signal is obtained. Note that thepredetermined condition may be a condition that the correlation valuedescribed above is a threshold or higher or a condition that the errorrate indicating the result of error correction processing by FEC decoder150 is a threshold or lower. Note that the determination as to whetherthe quality of a handover candidate described above is sufficient ismade based on the determination as to whether a reception signalsatisfies the predetermined condition.

FIG. 46 is a flowchart illustrating an example of processing operationof the signal processing device in Embodiment 11.

First, synchronization processor 1030 determines whether a handovercandidate signal having a different frequency is designated (step S401).If such a signal is not designated (No in step 401), synchronizationprocessor 1030 performs synchronization processing on each of a verticalsignal and a horizontal signal in cooperation, similarly to the above(step S90). Furthermore, polarized signal processor 1040 performspolarized signal processing (step S100). On the other hand, if ahandover candidate signal is designated (Yes in step S401), weightingapplier 1075 of polarized signal processor 1040 does not performweighted summation, and synchronization processor 1030 performssynchronization processing on each of the vertical signal and thehorizontal signal (step S90 a). At this time, synchronization processor1030 determines, as the quality of a handover candidate signal, thequality of a signal resulting from being received by an antenna forpolarization different from that of a transmission signal, out of avertical polarization antenna and a horizontal polarization antenna(step S402). Handover controller 1080 determines whether the determinedquality satisfies a criterion for handover (step S403). Here, if thequality satisfies the criterion (Yes in step S403), handover controller1080 causes synchronization processor 1030 and polarized signalprocessor 1040 to switch a signal to be processed from a transmissionsignal described above to the handover candidate signal (step S404).

Accordingly, with the signal processing device and the signal processingmethod in the present embodiment, when handover is performed, forexample, the application of MMSE weighted summation is stopped, butnevertheless handover can be appropriately performed.

Embodiment 12

FIG. 47 illustrates an example of a configuration of communicationdevice 1100 in Embodiment 12. Note that out of the elements included incommunication device 1100 in the present embodiment, the same element asthat of the communication device in any of Embodiments 1 to 11 is giventhe same sign as that of the element in the embodiment, and a detaileddescription thereof is omitted.

Communication device 1100 in FIG. 47 has a configuration in whichsynchronization processor 451 is replaced with synchronization processor1151, and handover controller 1180 is added, as compared withcommunication device 450 in Embodiment 5 illustrated in FIG. 22. Notethat a unit that includes elements except tuner 110, reference signalgenerator 155, and handover controller 1180 in communication device 1100may be configured into integrated circuit 1155. Synchronizationprocessor 1151 and handover controller 1180 in the present embodimentmay be applied to Embodiments 1 to 11.

In the present embodiment, handover controller 1180 designates a signalhaving the same frequency as and different polarization from those ofthe current signal, as a handover candidate signal.

FIG. 48 illustrates an example of a configuration of synchronizationprocessor 1151. Synchronization processor 1151 in FIG. 48 has aconfiguration in which frame synchronization processors 453 and 454 arereplaced with frame synchronization processors 1153 and 1154,respectively, as compared with synchronization processor 451 inEmbodiment 5 illustrated in FIG. 23. Handover information is input toframe synchronization processors 1153 and 1154. Frame synchronizationprocessor 1153 for V polarization cooperates with frame synchronizationprocessor 1154 for H polarization in outputting a weight updateinstruction to polarized signal processor 1152, based on the framesynchronization position of V-polarized and H-polarized signals. Whenhandover is expected to be performed, frame synchronization processors1153 and 1154 observe whether a correlation value indicating acorrelation regarding the SOF detected at the timing different from theframe synchronization timing detected at that time exceeds a threshold,based on input handover information (namely, a handover candidatesignal). Frame synchronization processor 1153 for V polarization outputsthe result of this observation to handover controller 1180, as thequality of a handover candidate. The quality of a handover candidateindicates whether the correlation value described above exceeds thethreshold, and is sufficient if the quality indicates that the valueexceeds the threshold.

If the quality of the handover candidate output from synchronizationprocessor 1151 shows sufficient quality, handover controller 1180outputs a handover execution signal to formally perform handover. If thehandover execution signal is obtained, synchronization processor 1151can immediately perform frame synchronization on a desired signal afterhandover, by assuming that the different timing mentioned above is a newframe synchronization timing. At this time, based on the framesynchronization timing newly generated, synchronization processor 1151generates a weight update instruction, and notifies polarized signalprocessor 452 of the instruction.

As described above, in the present embodiment, when a handover isperformed for signals having the same frequency and differentpolarization, the frame synchronization timing is updated to anotherdetected timing at which a correlation value regarding the SOF exceedsthe threshold. Accordingly, the frame synchronization timing can becontinuously detected for a desired signal without being interrupted. Asa result, when a handover is performed, MMSE processing can becontinuously performed on a desired signal, and the SINR especially neara cell edge can be improved.

Here, communication device 1100 in the present embodiment includes asignal processing device for receiving signals transmitted fromsatellite 3000. This signal processing device includes synchronizationprocessor 1151, polarized signal processor 452, and handover controller1180, for example. Handover controller 1180 designates a handovercandidate signal having the same frequency as and different polarizationfrom those of a transmission signal transmitted from a transmissiondevice such as satellite 3000. When a handover candidate signal isdesignated, synchronization processor 1151 determines whether thehandover candidate signal satisfies a predetermined condition, based oncorrelation values indicating correlations of known information withinformation items included in signals received by the verticalpolarization antenna and the horizontal polarization antenna. Note thatthe known information is for identifying polarization of a signal, andis a known bit pattern (18D2E82_(HEX)), for example. The predeterminedcondition is a condition that the correlation value is the threshold orhigher, for example. Note that the determination as to whether thequality of a handover candidate described above is sufficient is madebased on the determination as to whether the handover candidate signalsatisfies the predetermined condition. Handover controller 1180 outputsa handover execution signal if the handover candidate signal isdetermined to satisfy the predetermined condition. When the handoverexecution signal is obtained, synchronization processor 1151 andpolarized signal processor 452 switch a signal to be processed from theabove transmission signal to the handover candidate signal.

FIG. 49 is a flowchart illustrating an example of processing operationof the signal processing device in Embodiment 12.

First, synchronization processor 1151 determines whether a handovercandidate signal having different polarization is designated (step S401a). If such a signal is not designated (No in step 401 a),synchronization processor 1151 performs synchronization processing oneach of a vertical signal and a horizontal signal in cooperation,similarly to the above (step S90). Polarized signal processor 452further performs polarized signal processing (step S100). On the otherhand, also when a handover candidate signal is designated (Yes in stepS401 a), synchronization processor 1151 performs synchronizationprocessing on each of a vertical signal and a horizontal signal incooperation (step S90). Then, polarized signal processor 452 performspolarized signal processing (step S100). However, when a handovercandidate signal is designated, synchronization processor 1151 furtherdetermines the quality of the handover candidate signal, based oncorrelation values indicating correlations of known information withinformation items included in signals received by the verticalpolarization antenna and the horizontal polarization antenna (stepS402). Then, handover controller 1180 determines whether the determinedquality satisfies a criterion for handover (step S403). Here, if thequality satisfies the criterion (Yes in step S403), handover controller1180 causes synchronization processor 1151 and polarized signalprocessor 452 to switch a signal to be processed from the abovetransmission signal to the handover candidate signal (step S404).

Accordingly, the signal processing device and the signal processingmethod in the present embodiment can continuously detect the framesynchronization timing for a desired signal without interruption evenwhen handover is performed. As a result, also when a handover isperformed, MMSE processing can be continuously performed on a desiredsignal, and the SINR especially near a cell edge can be improved.

Embodiment 13

FIG. 50 illustrates an example of a configuration of communicationdevice 1200 in Embodiment 13. Note that out of the elements included incommunication device 1200 in the present embodiment, the same element asthat of the communication device in any of Embodiments 1 to 12 is giventhe same sign as that of the element in the embodiment, and a detaileddescription thereof is omitted.

Communication device 1200 in FIG. 50 includes tuner 1210, referencesignal generator 155, A/D converters 1220V and 1220H, synchronizationprocessors 1230V and 1230H, polarized signal processors 140V and 140H,FEC decoders 1250V and 1250H, and handover controller 1280. Note that inthe reference signs given to elements, “V” indicates that an element isfor V polarization, and “H” indicates that an element is for Hpolarization in the present disclosure, as described above. Furthermore,in the present disclosure, if “H” or “V” is omitted from a referencesign, the reference sign denotes an element for one of or each of Vpolarization and H polarization. For example, A/D converter 1220represents one of or each of A/D converter 1220V and A/D converter1220H.

Stated differently, in communication device 1200 in FIG. 50, tuner 110,A/D converter 120, synchronization processor 530, and FEC decoder 150are replaced with tuner 1210, A/D converter 1220, synchronizationprocessor 1230, and FEC decoder 1250, respectively, as compared withcommunication device 500 in Embodiment 6 illustrated in FIG. 25.Communication device 1200 includes two synchronization processors 1230,two polarized signal processors 140, two FEC decoders 1250, and handovercontroller 1280. Note that a unit that includes elements except tuner1210, reference signal generator 155, and handover controller 1280 incommunication device 1200 may be configured into integrated circuit1205. Tuner 1210, A/D converter 1220, synchronization processor 1230,polarized signal processor 140, FEC decoder 1250, and handovercontroller 1280 in the present embodiment may be applied to Embodiments1 to 12.

In the present embodiment, handover controller 1280 designates a signalhaving a frequency different from that of a current signal, or a signalhaving the same frequency as and different polarization from those ofthe current signal, as a handover candidate signal.

FIG. 51 illustrates an example of a minimum band through which tuner1210 and A/D converter 1220 allow signals to pass. Part (a) of FIG. 51illustrates the minimum band in Embodiments 1 to 12, and the minimumband is equal to the band of a desired signal being received. Part (b)of FIG. 51 illustrates the minimum band in the present embodiment, andthe minimum band includes all the band of the desired signal beingreceived and the band of a handover candidate signal.

In line with the designation from handover controller 1280, tuner 1210and A/D converter 1220 operate to allow at least signals having theminimum band illustrated in (b) of FIG. 51 to pass through.

FIG. 52 illustrates an example of a configuration of synchronizationprocessor 1230. Synchronization processor 1230 in FIG. 52 has aconfiguration in which rough frequency synchronization processors 131for V polarization and H polarization and frame synchronizationprocessor 541 are replaced with rough frequency synchronizationprocessors 1231 and frame synchronization processor 1241, respectively,as compared with synchronization processor 530 in Embodiment 6illustrated in FIG. 26. Then, rough frequency synchronization processor1231 obtains handover information. Thus, handover controller 1280outputs information indicating the band of a signal being received andthe band of a handover candidate signal, as handover information. Whenthe handover information is obtained, rough frequency synchronizationprocessor 1231 performs processing to adjust the frequency of a tuneddigital signal to the center frequency of a reception signal to beprocessed (namely, one of a desired signal being received and thehandover candidate signal). Frame synchronization processor 1241outputs, to handover controller 1280, the result of detecting framesynchronization as reception quality. The reception quality isinformation that indicates whether a correlation value regarding the SOFhas exceeded a threshold, or is the correlation value, for example.Alternatively, FEC decoder 1250 illustrated in FIG. 50 may output, tohandover controller 1280, the result of error correction processing (forexample, the error rate), as the reception quality.

Handover controller 1280 outputs a handover execution signal, if thereception quality of a handover candidate signal is the threshold orhigher, similarly to the above. Alternatively, handover controller 1280outputs a handover execution signal if the reception quality of ahandover candidate signal is the reception quality of a desired signalbeing received or higher.

In the present embodiment, when handover occurs, tuner 1210, A/Dconverter 1220, and synchronization processor 1230 are notified oftiming at which handover occurs and information on a signal used afterthe handover as described above. Tuner 1210 and A/D converter 1220operate to allow at least a signal having a frequency in the minimumband that includes all the band of a desired signal being received andthe band of a handover candidate signal to pass through. Accordingly,the influence of interference components in both a desired signal and ahandover candidate signal can be continuously reduced by MMSE processingalso at the time of handover, and the received SINR can be improved.

Note that when the minimum band illustrated in (b) of FIG. 51 is toobroad, so that tuner 1210 and A/D converter 1220 cannot allow a signalhaving a frequency in the minimum band to pass through, at least adesired signal being received only may be allowed to pass through. Inthis case, handover controller 1280 may determine whether to performhandover, based on the reception quality of a desired signal beingreceived after MMSE processing. For example, handover controller 1280outputs a handover execution signal, when the reception quality fallsbelow the threshold.

Here, communication device 1200 in the present embodiment includes asignal processing device for receiving signals transmitted fromsatellite 3000. The signal processing device includes tuner 1210,synchronization processor 1230, polarized signal processor 140, andhandover controller 1280, for example. Tuner 1210 allows signals eachhaving a frequency in the frequency band currently set to pass through,out of signals received by the vertical polarization antenna and thehorizontal polarization antenna. Synchronization processor 1230 performssynchronization processing on each of the signals that have passedthrough tuner 1210, out of a vertical signal and a horizontal signal.Handover controller 1280 designates a handover candidate signal having afrequency and polarization at least one of which is different from thoseof a transmission signal. Here, when a handover candidate signal isdesignated, tuner 1210 increases the above frequency band to allow thehandover candidate signal to pass through. Furthermore, synchronizationprocessor 1230 determines whether the handover candidate signalsatisfies the predetermined condition, based on a correlation valueindicating a correlation of information included in the handovercandidate signal that has passed through tuner 1210 with knowninformation. Note that the known information is for identifying thepolarization of a signal, and is a known bit pattern (18D2E82_(HEX)),for example. The predetermined condition is a condition that thecorrelation value is the threshold or higher, for example. Note that theabove determination as to whether the reception quality of the handovercandidate signal is sufficient is made by determining whether thehandover candidate signal satisfies the predetermined condition. Next,handover controller 1280 outputs a handover execution signal, when thehandover candidate signal satisfies the predetermined condition.Synchronization processor 1230 and polarized signal processor 140 switcha signal to be processed from the above transmission signal to ahandover candidate signal, when the handover execution signal isobtained.

FIG. 53 is a flowchart illustrating an example of processing operationof the signal processing device in Embodiment 13.

First, synchronization processor 1230 determines whether a handovercandidate signal having a frequency and polarization at least one ofwhich is different from those of a transmission signal is designated(step S401 b). If such a signal is not designated (No in step S401 b),synchronization processor 1230 performs synchronization processing oneach of a vertical signal and a horizontal signal in cooperation,similarly to the above (step S90). Furthermore, polarized signalprocessor 140 performs polarized signal processing (step S100). On theother hand, if the handover candidate signal is designated (Yes in stepS401 b), tuner 1210 increases a frequency band to allow the handovercandidate signal to pass through (step S501). Synchronization processor1230 performs synchronization processing on each of a vertical signaland a horizontal signal in cooperation (step S90), and polarized signalprocessor 140 performs polarized signal processing (step S100). When thehandover candidate signal is designated, synchronization processor 1230determines the quality of a handover candidate signal, based on acorrelation value indicating a correlation of information included inthe handover candidate signal that has passed through tuner 1210 withknown information (step S402).

Then, handover controller 1280 determines whether the determined qualitysatisfies a criterion for handover (step S403). Here, if the qualitysatisfies the criterion (Yes in step S403), handover controller 1280causes synchronization processor 1230 and polarized signal processor 140to switch a signal to be processed from the above transmission signal tothe handover candidate signal (step S404).

Accordingly, no matter what signal a handover candidate signal is. thesignal processing device and the signal processing method in the presentembodiment can continuously reduce the influence of interferencecomponents in both a desired signal and a handover candidate signal whenhandover is performed. As a result, the received SINR can be improved.

Embodiment 14

FIG. 54 illustrates an example of a configuration of communicationdevice 1300 in Embodiment 14. Note that out of the elements included incommunication device 1300 in the present embodiment, the same element asthat of the communication device in any of Embodiments 1 to 13 is giventhe same sign as that of the element in the embodiment, and a detaileddescription thereof is omitted.

Communication device 1300 in FIG. 54 includes tuner 1310, referencesignal generator 155, A/D converters 1320V and 1320H, synchronizationprocessor 1330, polarized signal processor 140, FEC decoder 1250, andhandover controller 1380. Note that in the present disclosure, in thereference signs given to elements, “V” indicates that an element is forV polarization, and “H” indicates that an element is for H polarization,as described above. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, if “H” or“V” is omitted from a reference sign, the reference sign denotes anelement for one of or each of V polarization and H polarization. Forexample, A/D converter 1320 represents one of or each of AD converter1320V and A/D converters 1320H.

Stated differently, in communication device 1300 in FIG. 54, tuner 110,A/D converter 120, synchronization processor 530, and FEC decoder 150are replaced with tuner 1310, A/D converter 1320, synchronizationprocessor 1330, and FEC decoder 1250, respectively, as compared withcommunication device 500 in Embodiment 6 illustrated in FIG. 25.Communication device 1300 includes handover controller 1380. Note that aunit that includes elements except tuner 1310, reference signalgenerator 155, and handover controller 1380 in communication device 1300may be configured into integrated circuit 1305. Note that tuner 1310,A/D converter 1320, synchronization processor 1330, polarized signalprocessor 140, FEC decoder 1250, and handover controller 1380 in thepresent embodiment may be applied to Embodiments 1 to 13.

In the present embodiment, similarly to Embodiment 13, handovercontroller 1380 designates a signal having a frequency different fromthat of a current signal or a signal having the same frequency as anddifferent polarization from those of the current signal, as a handovercandidate signal.

FIG. 55 illustrates examples of minimum bands through which tuner 1310and A/D converter 1320 in the present embodiment allow signals to pass.The minimum band is equal to the band of a desired signal being receivedor the band of a handover candidate signal, and only one of the bands isselected by time-sharing.

That is, in line with the designation from handover controller 1380,tuner 1310 and A/D converter 1320 switch between the minimum bandsillustrated in FIG. 55 by time-sharing, and operate to allow a signalhaving a frequency in the switched minimum band to pass through.

FIG. 56 illustrates an example of a configuration of synchronizationprocessor 1330. Synchronization processor 1330 in FIG. 56 has aconfiguration in which frame synchronization processor 541 for Vpolarization and frame synchronization processor 542 for H polarizationare replaced with frame synchronization processors 1241 and 1242,respectively, as compared with synchronization processor 530 inEmbodiment 6 illustrated in FIG. 26. Frame synchronization processor1241 outputs, to handover controller 1380, the result of detecting framesynchronization for a reception signal having a frequency in the minimumband selected by time-sharing (namely, one of a desired signal beingreceived and a handover candidate signal), as reception quality. Thereception quality is information that indicates whether a correlationvalue regarding the SOP has exceeded a threshold or is the correlationvalue, for example. Alternatively, FEC decoder 1250 illustrated in FIG.54 may output, to handover controller 1380, the result of errorcorrection processing (for example, the rate of an error), as thereception quality.

Handover controller 1380 outputs a handover execution signal, if thereception quality of a handover candidate signal is a threshold orhigher, similarly to the above. Alternatively, handover controller 1380outputs a handover execution signal if the reception quality of thehandover candidate signal is the reception quality of the desired signalbeing received or higher.

As described above, in the present embodiment, when handover occurs,tuner 1310 and A/D converter 1320 are notified of timing at whichhandover occurs and information on a signal used after the handover.Then, each of the elements disposed downstream of tuner 1310 processesone of the desired signal being received and the handover candidatesignal by time-sharing. Accordingly, the influence of interferencecomponents in one of the desired signal and the handover candidatesignal is reduced by MMSE processing by using time-sharing also at thetime of handover, so that the received SINR can be improved.

Here, communication device 1300 in the present embodiment includes asignal processing device for receiving signals transmitted fromsatellite 3000. This signal processing device includes tuner 1310,synchronization processor 1330, polarized signal processor 140, andhandover controller 1380, for example. Tuner 1310 allows signals eachhaving a frequency in a first frequency band currently set to passthrough, out of signals received by the vertical polarization antennaand the horizontal polarization antenna. Synchronization processor 1330performs synchronization processing on each of the signals that havepassed through tuner 1310, out of the vertical signal and the horizontalsignal. Handover controller 1380 designates a handover candidate signalhaving a frequency and polarization at least one of which is differentfrom those of a transmission signal. Here, when a handover candidatesignal is designated, tuner 1310 switches a frequency band for signalsto pass through between the first frequency band and a second frequencyband for a handover candidate signal to pass through, by time-sharing.Furthermore, synchronization processor 1330 determines whether thehandover candidate signal satisfies a predetermined condition, based ona correlation value indicating a correlation of information included inthe handover candidate signal that has passed through tuner 1310 withknown information. Note that the known information is for identifyingthe polarization of a signal, and is a known bit pattern(18D2E82_(HEX)), for example. The predetermined condition is a conditionthat the correlation value is equal to or greater than the threshold,for example, Note that the above determination as to whether thereception quality of the handover candidate signal is sufficient is madeby determining whether the handover candidate signal satisfies thepredetermined condition. Next, handover controller 1380 outputs ahandover execution signal when the handover candidate signal satisfiesthe predetermined condition. Synchronization processor 1330 andpolarized signal processor 140 switch a signal to be processed from theabove transmission signal to the handover candidate signal, when thehandover execution signal is obtained.

FIG. 57 is a flowchart illustrating an example of processing operationof the signal processing device in Embodiment 14.

First, synchronization processor 1330 determines whether a handovercandidate signal having a frequency and polarization at least one ofwhich is different from those of a transmission signal is designated(step S401 b). If such a signal is not designated (No in step S401 b),synchronization processor 1330 performs synchronization processing oneach of a vertical signal and a horizontal signal in cooperation,similarly to the above (step S90). Furthermore, polarized signalprocessor 140 performs polarized signal processing (step S100). On theother hand, if the handover candidate signal is designated (Yes in stepS401 b), tuner 1310 switches a frequency band for a signal to passthrough between the above-described first frequency band and theabove-described second frequency band for the handover candidate signalto pass through by time-sharing (step S502). Then, synchronizationprocessor 1330 performs synchronization processing on each of a verticalsignal and a horizontal signal in cooperation (step S90), and polarizedsignal processor 140 performs polarized signal processing (step S100).When a handover candidate signal is designated, synchronizationprocessor 1330 determines the quality of the handover candidate signal,based on a correlation value indicating a correlation of informationincluded in the handover candidate signal that has passed through tuner1310 with known information (step S402).

Then, handover controller 1380 determines whether the determined qualitysatisfies a criterion for handover (step S403). Here, if the qualitysatisfies the criterion (Yes in step S403), handover controller 1380causes synchronization processor 1330 and polarized signal processor 140to switch a signal to be processed from the above transmission signal toa handover candidate signal (step S404).

Accordingly, no matter what signal the handover candidate signal is, thesignal processing device and the signal processing method in the presentembodiment can reduce the influence of an interference component in oneof a desired signal and a handover candidate signal by time-sharing atthe time of handover. As a result, the received SINR can be improved.

Embodiment 15

FIG. 58 illustrates an example of a configuration of communicationdevice 1400 in Embodiment 15. Note that out of the elements included incommunication device 1400 in the present embodiment, the same element asthat of the communication device in any of Embodiments 1 to 14 is giventhe same sign as that of the element in the embodiment, and a detaileddescription thereof is omitted.

Communication device 1400 in FIG. 58 has a configuration in whichpolarized signal processors 140V and 140H are replaced with polarizedsignal processors 1440V and 1440H, and antenna controller 1490 is added,as compared with communication device 1200 in Embodiment 13 illustratedin FIG. 50. Note that polarized signal processor 1440 may represent oneof or each of polarized signal processors 1440V and 1440H. A unit thatincludes elements except tuner 1210, reference signal generator 155,handover controller 1280, and antenna controller 1490 in communicationdevice 1400 may be configured into integrated circuit 1405. Polarizedsignal processor 1440 and antenna controller 1490 in the presentembodiment may be applied to Embodiments 1 to 14.

FIG. 59 illustrates an example of a configuration of polarized signalprocessor 1440. Unlike polarized signal processor 140 in Embodiment 1illustrated in FIG. 7, polarized signal processor 1440 outputs an MMSEweight to antenna controller 1490. Thus, weight calculator 170calculates an MMSE weight and outputs the calculated weight to weightingapplier 175 and antenna controller 1490.

Antenna controller 1490 illustrated in FIG. 58 changes the orientationof the polarization plane to another orientation, while observing theMMSE weight output from polarized signal processor 1440. For example,antenna controller 1490 starts processing of changing the orientation ofthe polarization plane to the predetermined orientation, after theamount of change in the MMSE weight falls down to or below a constantvalue. Here, antenna controller 1490 continues changing the orientationof the polarization plane when the amount of polarization rotationcalculated from the MMSE weight decreases. On the other hand, antennacontroller 1490 changes the orientation of the polarization plane to anorientation different from the above predetermined orientation when theamount of polarization rotation calculated from the MMSE weightincreases.

In the present embodiment, through continuing such processing, theinfluence of interference components can be reduced by both antennacontroller 1490 and polarized signal processor 1440, and the receivedSINR can be improved.

Here, communication device 1400 in the present embodiment includes asignal processing device for receiving signals transmitted fromsatellite 3000. The signal processing device includes tuner 1210,synchronization processor 1230, polarized signal processor 1440,handover controller 1280, and antenna controller 1490, for example.Antenna controller 1490 changes the orientations of the polarizationplanes of signals received by the vertical polarization antenna and thehorizontal polarization antenna. Thus, antenna controller 1490 changesthe orientations of the above polarization planes, based on a firstweight and a second weight that are calculated by weight calculator 170of polarized signal processor 1440.

FIG. 60 is a flowchart illustrating an example of processing operationof the signal processing device in Embodiment 15.

The flowchart illustrated in FIG. 60 includes the steps included in theflowchart illustrated in FIG. 53, and further includes step S601. Instep S601, antenna controller 1490 changes the orientations of the abovepolarization planes, based on the first weight and the second weightcalculated by weight calculator 170 of polarized signal processor 1440.

Accordingly, the signal processing device and the signal processingmethod in the present embodiment can further reduce the influence ofinterference components, and the received SINR can be further improved.

Supplement

The present disclosure is not limited to the disclosure explained inEmbodiments 1 to 15 above, and can be implemented in any embodiment forachieving an object of the present disclosure and objects relatedthereto and accompanied therewith. Examples are as follows.

(1) In Embodiments 1 to 15, when it is not possible to determine asatellite signal in accordance with the DVB-S2X standard is received bywhich of the reception polarization antennas, it may be determined fromthe positional relationship between the satellite and that body of theairplane.

(2) In Embodiments 1 to 15, transmission power of signals may bedecreased by expected improvement in the received SNR or the receivedSNR, and the signals may be transmitted. Examples of the powerdecreasing method include controlling the amount of power amplificationin transmission RF processing.

(3) In Embodiments 1 to 15, the communication device mounted in anairplane has been described, yet the present disclosure is not limitedthereto, and the present disclosure may be applied to communicationdevices mounted in mobile bodies such as a vessel and a car that travelwidely on the earth.

(4) In Embodiments 1 to 15, the polarization plane of an antenna of anairplane may be changed mechanically or electronically, based on thecalculated transmission path estimated values or the calculated MMSEweight.

(5) In Embodiments 1 to 15, downlink satellite signals are in accordancewith the DVB-S2X standard, yet the present disclosure is not limitedthereto, and signals may be in accordance with a standard that supports,for example, Non-Terrestrial Networks that the 3rd GenerationPartnership Project (3GPP) is currently studying.

(6) In Embodiment 3. uplink satellite signals are in accordance with theDVB-RCS2 standard, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto,and signals may be in accordance with a standard that supports, forexample, Non-Terrestrial Networks that the 3rd Generation PartnershipProject (3GPP) is currently studying.

(7) In Embodiments 1 to 15, orthogonal polarizations are V polarizationand H polarization, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto,and right-hand polarization and left-hand polarization may be used. Alsoin such a case, the polarization plane needs to be considered in anenvironment with a reflective wave or an environment in which there is adifference in received power between polarizations, so that Embodiments1 to 15 are effective.

(8) In Embodiments 1 to 15, communication between a satellite and asingle aircraft has been described as an example, yet the presentdisclosure is not limited thereto, and when a satellite and a pluralityof aircrafts communicate, communication devices in the aircrafts canutilize Embodiments 1 to 15.

(9) In Embodiments 1 to 15, weighting applied by the polarized signalprocessor is not always allowed, and may be prevented depending on asituation. Examples of the situation in which the application ofweighting is prevented include the case where the absolute value of atransmission path estimated value is smaller than a threshold.

(10) In Embodiments 1 to 15, a configuration in which the polarizedsignal processor is disposed downstream of the synchronization processoris adopted, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto, and thepolarized signal processor may be disposed downstream of the precisefrequency synchronization processor in the synchronization processor. Inthis case, the polarized signal processor may be provided with thefunction of the phase synchronization processor.

(11) In Embodiments 1 to 15, MMSE weighting processing is performed, butthe present disclosure is not limited thereto, and for example, zeroforcing (ZF) may be used.

(12) In Embodiments 1 to 15, a transmission path estimated value iscalculated only within one frame but the present disclosure is notlimited thereto, and a transmission path estimated value may becalculated over a plurality of frames using an infinite impulse response(IIR) filter, for example. In this case, time delay occurs, but there isan advantageous effect that the accuracy of the transmission pathestimated value increases.

(13) Some of Embodiments 1 to 15 and the variations thereof may becombined with one another.

(14) In the communication devices in Embodiments 1 to 15 above, a unitthat supports downlink may be defined as a receiving device, and a unitthat supports uplink may be defined as a transmission device.

(15) Embodiments 1 to 15 above may relate to implementation usinghardware and software. The above embodiments may be implemented orperformed using a computing device (processor). A computing device/aprocessor may be, for example, a main processor or a general purposeprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specificintegrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPA), oranother programmable logic device, for instance. The above embodimentsmay be performed or implemented by a combination of such devices.

(16) Embodiments 1 to 15 may be implemented by the structure of asoftware module caused to run by a processor or directly by hardware. Asoftware module and hardware implementation may also be combined. Asoftware module may be stored in various kinds of computer-readablestorage media such as, for example, random access memory (RAM), erasableprogrammable read only memory (EPROM), electrically erasableprogrammable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory a register, a harddisk, compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), and a digital versatiledisc (DVD).

Although only some exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure havebeen described in detail above, those skilled in the art will readilyappreciate that many modifications are possible in the exemplaryembodiments without materially departing from the novel teachings andadvantages of the present disclosure. Accordingly, all suchmodifications are intended to be included within the scope of thepresent disclosure.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The signal processing device according to the present disclosure isapplicable to a communication device, a receiving device, and atransmission device.

What is claimed is:
 1. A signal processing device comprising: a firsttransmission path estimator that estimates a first transmission pathcharacteristic of a transmission signal using, out of a vertical signaland a horizontal signal, the vertical signal, the transmission signalbeing transmitted from a transmission device in form of one of verticalpolarization and horizontal polarization, the vertical signal and thehorizontal signal resulting from a vertical polarization antenna and ahorizontal polarization antenna receiving the transmission signal; asecond transmission path estimator that estimates a second transmissionpath characteristic of the transmission signal using the horizontalsignal; a weight calculator that calculates a first weight for thevertical signal and a second weight for the horizontal signal, using thefirst transmission path characteristic and the second transmission pathcharacteristic; a weighting applier that applies weighted summation tothe vertical signal and the horizontal signal using the first weight andthe second weight; and a synchronization processor that performssynchronization processing on each of the vertical signal and thehorizontal signal, wherein the first transmission path characteristic isa characteristic of a transmission path through which the transmissionsignal is transmitted from the transmission device to the verticalpolarization antenna, the second transmission path characteristic is acharacteristic of a transmission path through which the transmissionsignal is transmitted from the transmission device to the horizontalpolarization antenna, the first transmission path characteristicindicates a proportion of a signal included in the vertical signalwithin the transmission signal, the second transmission pathcharacteristic indicates a proportion of a signal included in thehorizontal signal within the transmission signal, the first transmissionpath estimator and the second transmission path estimator estimate thefirst transmission path characteristic and the second transmission pathcharacteristic, using the vertical signal and the horizontal signal oneach of which the synchronization processing has been performed, theweighting applier applies the weighted summation to the vertical signaland the horizontal signal on each of which the synchronizationprocessing has been performed, the synchronization processor establishesframe synchronization by detecting that a correlation value of a knownbit pattern with at least one of the vertical signal or the horizontalsignal exceeds a threshold, the synchronization processor includes: afirst synchronization processor that performs the synchronizationprocessing on the vertical signal; and a second synchronizationprocessor that performs the synchronization processing on the horizontalsignal, and the first synchronization processor and the secondsynchronization processor cooperate with each other in bringing each ofa difference in frequency and a difference in phase between the verticalsignal and the horizontal signal close to
 0. 2. The signal processingdevice according to claim 1, wherein the first synchronization processorand the second synchronization processor further cooperate with eachother in decreasing an error in clock timing between the vertical signaland the horizontal signal, and making a sum of power of the verticalsignal and power of the horizontal signal constant.
 3. The signalprocessing device according to claim 1, further comprising: apolarization offsetter that provides a polarization offset to thevertical signal and a polarization offset to the horizontal signal,wherein the synchronization processor performs the synchronizationprocessing on each of the vertical signal provided with the polarizationoffset and the horizontal signal provided with the polarization offset,and the polarization offsetter provides a polarization offset to avertical signal and a polarization offset to a horizontal signal on eachof which the synchronization processing is to be performed next, basedon at least one of (i) results of the synchronization processing by thesynchronization processor or (ii) information included in a signalresulting from the weighted summation.
 4. The signal processing deviceaccording to claim 1, further comprising: a handover controller thatdesignates a handover candidate signal having a frequency different froma frequency of the transmission signal, wherein when the handovercandidate signal is designated, (i) the weighting applier does not applythe weighted summation, and (ii) the synchronization processordetermines whether a reception signal satisfies a predeterminedcondition, the reception signal resulting from being received by anantenna for polarization different from polarization of the transmissionsignal, out of the vertical polarization antenna and the horizontalpolarization antenna, when the synchronization processor determines thatthe reception signal satisfies the predetermined condition, the handovercontroller outputs a handover execution signal, and when the handoverexecution signal is obtained, the synchronization processor, the firsttransmission path estimator, the second transmission path estimator, theweight calculator, and the weighting applier switch a signal to beprocessed from the transmission signal to the handover candidate signal.5. The signal processing device according to claim 1, furthercomprising: a handover controller that designates a handover candidatesignal having a frequency same as a frequency of the transmission signaland polarization different from polarization of the transmission signal,wherein when the handover candidate signal is designated, thesynchronization processor determines whether the handover candidatesignal satisfies a predetermined condition, based on correlation valuesindicating correlations of known information with information itemsincluded in signals received by the vertical polarization antenna andthe horizontal polarization antenna, when the synchronization processordetermines that the handover candidate signal satisfies thepredetermined condition, the handover controller outputs a handoverexecution signal, and when the handover execution signal is obtained,the synchronization processor, the first transmission path estimator,the second transmission path estimator, the weight calculator, and theweighting applier switch a signal to be processed from the transmissionsignal to the handover candidate signal.
 6. The signal processing deviceaccording to claim 1, further comprising: a tuner that allows signalseach having a frequency in a frequency hand currently set to passthrough, out of signals received by the vertical polarization antennaand the horizontal polarization antenna; and a handover controller thatdesignates a handover candidate signal having a frequency andpolarization at least one of which is different from a frequency andpolarization of the transmission signal, wherein the synchronizationprocessor performs the synchronization processing on each of the signalsthat have passed through the tuner, out of the vertical signal and thehorizontal signal, when the handover candidate signal is designated, (i)the tuner increases the frequency band to allow the handover candidatesignal to pass through, and (ii) the synchronization processordetermines whether the handover candidate signal satisfies apredetermined condition, based on a correlation value indicating acorrelation of known information with information included in thehandover candidate signal that has passed through the tuner, when thesynchronization processor determines that the handover candidate signalsatisfies the predetermined condition, the handover controller outputs ahandover execution signal, and when the handover execution signal isobtained, the synchronization processor, the first transmission pathestimator, the second transmission path estimator, the weightcalculator, and the weighting applier switch a signal to be processedfrom the transmission signal to the handover candidate signal.
 7. Thesignal processing device according to claim 1, further comprising: atuner that allows signals each having a frequency in a first frequencyband currently set to pass through, out of signals received by thevertical polarization antenna and the horizontal polarization antenna;and a handover controller that designates a handover candidate signalhaving a frequency and polarization at least one of which is differentfrom a frequency and polarization of the transmission signal, whereinthe synchronization processor performs the synchronization processing oneach of the signals that have passed through the tuner, out of thevertical signal and the horizontal signal, when the handover candidatesignal is designated, (i) the tuner switches, by time-sharing, afrequency band for a signal to pass through between the first frequencyband and a second frequency band for the handover candidate signal topass through, and (ii) the synchronization processor determines whetherthe handover candidate signal satisfies a predetermined condition, basedon a correlation value indicating a correlation of known informationwith information included in the handover candidate signal that haspassed through the tuner, when the synchronization processor determinesthat the handover candidate signal satisfies the predeterminedcondition, the handover controller outputs a handover execution signal,and when the handover execution signal is obtained, the synchronizationprocessor, the first transmission path estimator, the secondtransmission path estimator, the weight calculator, and the weightingapplier switch a signal to be processed from the transmission signal tothe handover candidate signal.
 8. The signal processing device accordingto claim 1, further comprising: an antenna controller that changesorientations of polarization planes of signals received by the verticalpolarization antenna and the horizontal polarization antenna, whereinthe antenna controller changes the orientations of the polarizationplanes, based on the first weight and the second weight calculated bythe weight calculator.
 9. A signal processing method comprising:estimating a first transmission path characteristic of a transmissionsignal using, out of a vertical signal and a horizontal signal, thevertical signal, the transmission signal being transmitted from atransmission device in form of one of vertical polarization andhorizontal polarization, the vertical signal and the horizontal signalresulting from a vertical polarization antenna and a horizontalpolarization antenna receiving the transmission signal; estimating asecond transmission path characteristic of the transmission signal usingthe horizontal signal; calculating a first weight for the verticalsignal and a second weight for the horizontal signal, using the firsttransmission path characteristic and the second transmission pathcharacteristic; applying weighted summation to the vertical signal andthe horizontal signal using the first weight and the second weight; andperforming synchronization processing on each of the vertical signal andthe horizontal signal, wherein the first transmission pathcharacteristic is a characteristic of a transmission path through whichthe transmission signal is transmitted from the transmission device tothe vertical polarization antenna, the second transmission pathcharacteristic is a characteristic of a transmission path through whichthe transmission signal is transmitted from the transmission device tothe horizontal polarization antenna, the first transmission pathcharacteristic indicates a proportion of a signal included in thevertical signal within the transmission signal, the second transmissionpath characteristic indicates a proportion of a signal included in thehorizontal signal within the transmission signal, the first transmissionpath characteristic and the second transmission path characteristic areestimated by using the vertical signal and the horizontal signal on eachof which the synchronization processing has been performed, the weightedsummation is applied to the vertical signal and the horizontal signal oneach of which the synchronization processing has been performed, thesynchronization processing establishes frame synchronization bydetecting that a correlation value of a known bit pattern with at leastone of the vertical signal or the horizontal signal exceeds a threshold,the synchronization processing includes: first synchronizationprocessing on the vertical signal; and second synchronization processingon the horizontal signal, and the first synchronization processing andthe second synchronization processing are performed in a coordinatedmanner such that each of a difference in frequency and a difference inphase between the vertical signal and the horizontal signal is close to0.
 10. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium having aprogram recorded thereon, the program causing a computer to execute:estimating a first transmission path characteristic of a transmissionsignal using, out of a vertical signal and a horizontal signal, thevertical signal, the transmission signal being transmitted from atransmission device in form of one of vertical polarization andhorizontal polarization, the vertical signal and the horizontal signalresulting from a vertical polarization antenna and a horizontalpolarization antenna receiving the transmission signal; estimating asecond transmission path characteristic of the transmission signal usingthe horizontal signal; calculating a first weight for the verticalsignal and a second weight for the horizontal signal, using the firsttransmission path characteristic and the second transmission pathcharacteristic; applying weighted summation to the vertical signal andthe horizontal signal using the first weight and the second weight; andperforming synchronization processing on each of the vertical signal andthe horizontal signal, wherein the first transmission pathcharacteristic is a characteristic of a transmission path through whichthe transmission signal is transmitted from the transmission device tothe vertical polarization antenna, the second transmission pathcharacteristic is a characteristic of a transmission path through whichthe transmission signal is transmitted from the transmission device tothe horizontal polarization antenna, the first transmission pathcharacteristic indicates a proportion of a signal included in thevertical signal within the transmission signal, the second transmissionpath characteristic indicates a proportion of a signal included in thehorizontal signal within the transmission signal, the first transmissionpath characteristic and the second transmission path characteristic areestimated by using the vertical signal and the horizontal signal on eachof which the synchronization processing has been performed, the weightedsummation is applied to the vertical signal and the horizontal signal oneach of which the synchronization processing has been performed, thesynchronization processing establishes frame synchronization bydetecting that a correlation value of a known bit pattern with at leastone of the vertical signal or the horizontal signal exceeds a threshold,the synchronization processing includes: first synchronizationprocessing on the vertical signal; and second synchronization processingon the horizontal signal, and the first synchronization processing andthe second synchronization processing are performed in a coordinatedmanner such that each of a difference in frequency and a difference inphase between the vertical signal and the horizontal signal is close to0.
 11. A mobile body comprising: the signal processing device accordingto claim 1; the vertical polarization antenna; and the horizontalpolarization antenna.